Zastrow Ch. 5-6 Flashcards
U.S. Census Definition of Family
Group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption.
U.S. Census Family definition does not include some who consider themselves to be a family:
Husband/Wife with foster children.
Lesbian couple with children from previous relationship.
Man and woman cohabiting without marriage.
Broader definition of Family
A kinship system of all relatives living together or recognized as a social unit. Definition can include unmarried, gay/lesbian, foster families, other units that feel like a family.
Extended Family
A number of relatives living together; parents, children, grandparents, great-grandparents, aunts, uncles, in-laws, and cousins.
Predominant Family Pattern of Pre-Industrial Societies
Extended family - members all share various agricultural, domestic, and other duties.
Nuclear Family
Married couple and children living together.,
Predominant Family Pattern in Industrialized Societies
Nuclear family - smaller size and geographic ‘mobility’ make it more adaptable to changing conditions (need to relocate for employment.)
Third Family Form in U.S.
Single parent families are emerging. Unmarried people adopting children, unmarried women giving birth, married couple divorcing with one parent assuming custody.
Single Parent Family Prevalence in U.S.
About 29% of all families in U.S. are single parent families.
Preindustrial Extended Family Facts
- Nearly self-sufficient. What was consumed was produced on the farm.
- Required tasks on small farms meant the extended family was functional; there were the right number of members to carry out tasks.
Monolithic Code Cultural Beliefs - Preindustrial American Society (Cuber, John, and Thompson)
One pattern of behavior permitted.
- Adults expected to be married. Women in teens or early 20s.
- Marriage permanent. Divorce rare highly disapproved of.
- Individuals expected to place welfare of family above individual preferences. (Choice of mate to benefit family, not personal preference.)
- Sexual relations restricted to marriage. (Double standard for women and men.)
- Married couples expected to have children. Children economic assets and religious obligations.
- Parents expected to care for children, regardless of costs. Children to obey parents. Children to care for parents in old age or disability.
- Father - head of family and made decisions. Women left homes and moved to husband’s home. Male children valued more highly because they remained at home after adulthood.
Industrial Revolution Impact
Families began to lose economic/productive function.
Fewer people were needed to fill essential roles.
Smaller families more functional because of mobility to full employment opportunities.
Individualism (Shift after Industrial Revolution)
Belief that desires of inidividual should take precedence over those of the family. *** Choice of mate became based on personal preference.
Children after Industrial Revolution
Became a liability rather than asset. Had to be fed, clothed, and sheltered, without increasing family income.
Parents began having fewer children as a result.
Change in Function of American Family - 1
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Economic - productive function lost. Financial resources now acquired outside home.
Change in Function of American Family - 2
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Protective function lost. Protective function now met by police departments, hospitals, insurance companies, nursing homes.
Change in Function of American Family - 3
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Educational function sharply reduced. Schools, daycares, Head Start programs replaced much of educational function.
Change in Function of American Family - 4
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Family less likely to be center for religious activity.
Change in Function of American Family - 5
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Recreational function reduced. Family members seek recreation outside of home.
Change in Function of American Family - 6
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Status recognition sharply reduced. Individuals receive recognition for achievements in organizations outside of family.
Change in Function of American Family - 7
1938 Sociologist William Ogburn
Family has retained affectional function. Members receive social and emotional gratification from the family.
Post Industrial Revolution - Changes for Women
Right to Vote
Questioning sexual double standard of morality
Women in workforce
Increased sexual relations outside of marriage (men and women)
- Function of Family - Replacement of Population
Societies have defined rights and responsibilities of reproductive partners in family unit.
- Function of Family - Care of the Young
Family is primary institution for rearing children.