yu gi oh dark magican Flashcards
What is type 1 diabetes mellitus
caused by genetics not lifestyle usually from birth
early degeneration of beta cells in islet of langerhans
treated by insulin injections
type 2 diabetes mellitus
associated with decreased insulin production
insulin producing cells do not disappear as they do in juvenile diabetes but become less effective at producing insulin
Gestational diabetes
temporary condition in pregnant women
increased risk of type 2 diabetes in both mother and child
body makes enough insulin for one person, not 2 this makes the pregnant lady diabetic only during the pregnancy due to not enough insulin to facilitate uptake of glucose
Pathway of blood sugar hormones? both when hungry and full
full: islet cells of pancreas secrete insulin –> use it; body cells increase cell permeability to glucose to generate ATP to lower blood sugar
Store it; store excess glucose as glycogen or fatty tissue
hungry: islet cells of pancreas secrete glucagon –> liver releases glucose from glycogen to raise blood sugar
hyperglycimia
high blood sugar without a way to get rid of it due to lack of insulin
hyperglycmia
too high blood sugar
Adrenal gland pathway for long term stress
Ant pituitary –> ACTH –> adrenal CORTEX –> cortisol –> all throughout body –> stimulate energy release from fats and proteins stored (long term storage)
What is long term stress defined as
you cannot escape anxiety and stress
what does the adrenal gland produce
sex hormones testosterone and estrogen
cortisol - stimulates energy due to long term stress (from cortex)
epinephrine - targets liver and muscles - stimulates glucose release for short term stress
aldosterone - impacts distal tubule for na reabsorption
thyroid produces and function?
thyroxine - regulates metabolism, thyroxine increases metabolic processes
Thyroid pathway?
Anterior pituitary –> TSH –> thyroid gland –> thyroxine –> general
What is special of thyroid negative feedback
iodine is required to facilitate the negative feedback of thyroid (for thyroxine)
what is hyperthyroidism
excessive secretion of thyroxine due to not enough iodine
what is a goiter?
the enlarging of the thyroid gland in the throat due to lack of iodine, the presence of which causes the negative feedback for thyroxine
what is hypothyroidism
not iodine related, but has to do with low thyroid secretion which leads to stunted growth due to slow metabolism and growth
