Yr9 Summer Assessment-History Flashcards
What superpowers made up the triple alliance and triple entente?
Triple alliance-Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Triple Entente-France, Britain and Russia
What were the long term causes of WW1?
Arms Race-Germany had 2.2million soldiers whilst U.K had 711,000 soldiers
Alliances-triple alliance and triple entente
Empires-by 1900 large areas of the world were controlled by European countries and King of Germany wanted his own empire
What was the spark/trigger of WW1?
When Franz Ferdinand soon to be King of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a member of the Black Hand (Gavrilo Princip) as Bosnia wanted to be owned by Serbia not Austria-Hungary
Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail?
Germany wanted to march through Belgium to get to France and invade it but Belgium retaliated and Germany was forced to push back and find another route
Describe four horrors of life in the trenches?
Rats everywhere Bullets and bomb fragments burst over their heads Trench foot Toilets overflow Flies biting
What was the deadlier weapon;machine guns, tanks or gas?
Gas, as it can be colourless and odourless meaning you don’t know whether you have been poisoned or not
Tanks-max speed 3mph-slow and recognisable
Machine Gun-needs 4-6 men but has firepower of 100guns
How did the British use propaganda to recruit people in the army?
Using advertisements Reasons why: Escape from prison Money Patriotic Sense of adventure
Describe 3 jobs women did during WW1 not before it?
Womens Land Army-farming etc, 260,000 joined
VAD-volunteer aid detachment, they were nurses and people who helped soldiers in the war
Munition Worker-made bombs, by 1918 947,000 lower class women were employed
Why did so many soldiers die in the Battle of Somme?
Underestimated the power of Germans-they were well protected and General Haig ignored warning of that
1/3 of shells were duds
Inexperienced soldiers
No alternate plan
No order was given to stop by Haig as it was suppose to end at sundown
Explain 3 reason why the Allies were able to break the stalemate and win WW1
Naval Blockade-naval army blocked the sea meaning Germans could no longer enter nor leave ports
USA entered the war-supplied supplies from beginning but sent soldiers in the summer of 1918
Civil unrest in Germany-soldiers were rising against Kaiser who soon had to abdicate from the pressures of Germans
What were the differences between the Suffragettes and Suffragists?
Suffragettes-used violence (e.g Emily Davidson threw herself at the King’s horse), founded by ex-member of Suffragists Emily Pankhurst
Suffragists-used peaceful methods (e.h letters, posters, holding meetings), founded by Millicent Fawcett
What did the Allies decide should be the consequences for Germany in the Treaty Of Versailles?
Had to pay £6.6 billion to the allies as compensation
Could only have an army of 100,000, no submarines, tanks and only 6 battle ships
Had to give all their countries back to the allies and cannot unite with Austria,all African colonies were given to France and U.K
What clause do you think Germany disliked the most?
That they had a limited amount of soldiers and weapons, makes country weak…
Describe 3 features of fascism and 3 features of communism
Fascism-people have to do exactly what the government says,police enforced this and use violence, celebrate the army/military
Communism-working people have control of the land, all wealth shared equally between humans, all industry owned by state (country)
How were communism and fascism similar?
The leader of the country should be admired not questioned and people have to do exactly what the government to allow things to stay in order
Describe how an economic boom cycle work
Large population,more jobs to fill—>large population to buy goods—>increased advertising encourages people to buy more goods—>companies invest in more goods to offer to consumers—>more people buy,more goods in demand,more products need to be produced
Explain 3 reasons why America had an economic boom
Low tax rates meant people could save more money
Sold ammunition to countries during WW1 and got an economic boom because of it
Consumer goods were cheaper so more buyers
Describe 5 ways Flappers were different to traditional women in the 1920s
Went to places that only men used to go to:boxing matches and clubs
Would wear their hair in a bob
Flappers used contraceptives and were much less traditional in relationships
Owned and drove cars
Smoked in public
What was the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923?
Hitler and his little known Nazi Party attempted a revolution in Munich, Bavaria. They were angered by the hyperinflation crisis and wanted to get rid of the Weimar Republic politicians who signed the Treaty Of Versailles
Was the Beer Hall Putsch a success or failure?
During the march, Ludendorff was arrested, 16 Nazis died and his colleague Goering was injured. Hitler fled the scene immediately. However the trial gave him a national platform to express his views and the court was sympathetic towards him giving him a short sentence giving him time to think about manifestos etc
Why was prohibition introduced into the USA
Seen as satanic
Henry Ford didn’t want workers drunk on the job-bad reputation
Germany making a lot of beer, US didn’t like this as many german migrants made this in US-seen as unpatriotic
Explain why prohibition failed
Blackmail Corruption Bribery Smuggling Difficulty controlling borders Police afraid of gangsters Speakeasies and moonshine
Who was Al Capone and how did the prohibition benefit him?
Was a gangster, and smuggled alcohol in by controlling city officials and made a lot of money
What caused the Wall Street Crash of 1929?
The 1929 stock market crash was a result of an unsustainable boom in share prices in the preceding years.
Explain how the great depression helped Hitler
As Weimar Republic were being an incompetent government not helping the people, public saw Hitler as the only suitable candidate
What four problems did the Weimar Republic face?
Hyperinflation crisis Hunger Unemployment Poverty Rebellion/protests/strikes on jobs
Describe two features of the 25 point plan
All business and industries to be controlled by the government
A new bigger national army
What were the Gestapo?
Was the Nazi secret police, they collected info on Germans who were seen as a threat. Also they did not have to obey the law and could force people to sign confessions
Why were the Gestapo effective?
As they had so much power: could arrest anyone and beat people
Who were the SS?
Hitler’s private bodyguards and eventually in control of concentration camps
Explain how Nazi’s used terror to control the German people
The Gestapo and SS had a lot of power over the people
Explain how propaganda helped Hitler rise to power
Made false movies about Jews
Programme for which hard working people were given rewards (kdF)
Hitler Youth
“All of Germany hear Hitler’s people” radio
Degenerate music banned-jazz
