Yr8 revision Flashcards
Symbol for oxygen?
O
Symbol for nickel?
Ni
Symbol for sulphur?
S
What is the symbol for hydrogen?
H
What is the symbol for carbon?
C
What is the symbol for helium?
He
What is the symbol for aluminium
Al
What is the symbol for iron?
Fe
What is the symbol for silver?
Ag
What is the symbol for Mercury?
Hg
What is the symbol for gold?
Au
What is the symbol for lead!
Pb
What is the symbol for potassium?
K
What is the charge for proton?
Positive
What is the charge for neutron?
Neutral
What is the charge for electron?
Negative
What is the mass for a proton?
1
What is the mass for a neutron?
1
What is the mass for electron?
1/2000
What is the proton location?
Nucleus
What is the electron location?
Electron shells
Where is the neutron location?
Nucleus
What are types of solids?
Chair, table, book.
Anything that can’t change its shape or pour.
What are types of liquids?
Water, lemonade, oil, soap, pen ink
Anything that can be poured but can’t change its mass.
What are types of gases?
Air, gas valve, neon
Anything that can change its shape, mass, volume.
What is H20?
Water molecules.
What is a compound?
They are made up of one or more types of atoms chemically joined together.
Types of elements:
Chlorine
Fluorine,
Oxygen
Copper
Types of compounds:
Sodium chloride Zink iodide Copper nitrate Carbon dioxide Potassium hydroxide Magnesium sulphate
How do we know that a chemical reaction has happened?
Change of state Change of colour Change of temperature Smell Fizz/bubbles/foam
Iron + oxygen ➡️
Iron oxide
Magnesium + oxygen ➡️
Magnesium oxide
Copper + oxygen ➡️
Copper oxide
What is a mixture?
A mixture of chemicals that do not react when joined together.
What is a chemical reaction?
When two or more chemicals react when they are mixed.
What is a molecule?
Two or atoms joined together that are either the same or different.
On which side of the periodic table are metals found?
The left side.
What is an element?
Elements are made up of one type of atom.
What is bread?
A carbohydrate
Why do we need nutrients?
So we can have a healthy diet.
Why is it important that we know what nutrients are in foods?
Because we might be allergic to certain nutrients. So we can have a healthier diet. And keep track of what we are eating.
What is the food test for glucose?
Benedict test and a Positive result is a red colour.
What is the food test for starch?
The iodine test and a positive result is a black colour.
What is the food test for protein?
The buirets test and a positive result is a purple colour.
What is The food test for fats?
Paper, and a positive result is that the paper is see-through.
Mouth -
Where food is chewed and mixed with saliva.
Oesophagus -
A tube which carries food to the stomach
Stomach -
Where food is churned and acids aid digestion.
Pancreas -
Produces enzymes which help with digestion.
Gall bladder -
Where bile is stored
Anus -
Wast passes through and out the body.
Rectum -
Where waste is stored before erected
Large intestine -
Where water is absorbed.
Small intestine -
Where digestion is and food is absorbed.
What happens in a mechanical digestion?
Our teeth break up food.
What happens in a chemical digestion?
We add saliva to the food in the mouth which starts to break down the food. We then swallow the food which moves down the oesophagus and into the stomach.
What happens in the stomach?
The food is mixed with hydrochloride acid. The enzyme pepsin helps break down the food. The food is now a liquid which means it can travel to the small intestine.
What happens in the small intestine?
Bile is added in the gall bladder to help neutralise the stomach acid. The enzyme lipase helps break down the foods. The food is absorbed into the bloodstream.
What happens in the large intestine?
The water is absorbed in to the blood. This leaves a solid waste which passes through the rectum. And out of the anus.
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are a biological catalyst.
What does the amylase do?
Helps digest starch into glucose.
What does the pepsin do?
It helps break down protein into Amin acids
What does the lipase do?
It helps break down fats into glycerol and acids.
Where is the amylase found?
In the mouth
Where is the pepsin found?
In the stomach
Where is the lipase found?
In the small intestine
.
What pH does the amylase like?
6
What pH does the pepsin like?
2
What pHdoes the lipase like?
10
What does the Undigested food called when it has passed out of the anus?
Faeces.
What are the properties of metals
Shiny Conducts heat Magnetic - iron Malleable (easily shaped) Dense
What is Na?
Sodium
What is a compound?
They are made up of two or more atoms that are different chemically joined together.
What is a mixture?
Two or more elements that don’t react when mixed.
What is a boiling point?
Liquid - gas
What is the melting point?
Solid - liquid
What is the cause of the disease: iron and anemia?
Lack of blood - iron
What is the cause of vitamin c and scurvy?
A defiancyof vitamin c
What is the main symptom of scurvy?
Swollen and infected gums, bleeding under the skin.
What is the main symptom of iron and anemia?
Tiredness - fatigue.
What is the cause for vitamin b and beri-beri?
Lack of vitamin b.
What is the symptom for vitamin band Beri-beri?
Weakness in the legs and loss of appetite.
What causes iodine goiter and hypothyroidism?
Not enough iodine.
What is the summon for iodine goiter and …?
Undeactive thryoid.
What causes vitamin a and night blindness?
Lack of vitamin a.
What are the symptoms corvina in a and night blindness?
Eyes failing to adjust tithe darkness,
An example of filtration:
Separating sand from water
An example for evaporation:
Separating sugar dissolved in water.
An example for distillation:
Separating lavender oil from ethanol.
An example for decanting :
Decanting water from oil.
What does light travel in?
A wave that transfers energy in straight lines.
How is light produced ?
By luminous objects : glow worm, candle, flames and light bulbs
What are light waves scientifically labelled as?
Transverse waves- they have undulations that travel at right angles to the direction that wave is travelling in.
Can light waves be reflected?
Yes - this is how mirrors work.
Why is it a good thing that light waves don’t need particles to travel in?
Because, light from the sun hast to travel through space which hasn’t got many particles to get to earth.
What do particles do to light waves?
Slow them down
What does light travel fastest in?
A vacuum
In a vacuum what travels faster than light?
Nothing
Even if light takes longer in different states (water and air) what do humans think?
It appears instant to the human eye.
What is reflection?
When a wave hits a surface and bounces back.
What is a light wave also known as?
A light Ray
Why does light reflect of a mirror?
It has a smooth and shiny surface which reflects all the light off at the same angle who gives a clear reflection. - specular reflection
Why do rough surfaces not give a clear reflection?
They are not smoot which means the light rays bounce off the surface in all different directions giving a diffused reflection.
What angle is the normal to the surface?
90’ (right angle) to the surface.
What is the incident Ray?
The that is travelling in the direction of the object.
What is refraction?
When light rays to a more or less dense substance.
What will light not travel through?
Anything that is opaque.
Any substance that a wave is called …….
A medium
What happens when light goes from a less dense substance to a more dense substance?
It bends away from the normal.
How do we see?
Light refracts into our eyes
What is a white light made up of?
The spectrum - (Right) Red (Of) Orange (Your) Yellow (Garden) Green (Bees) Blue (Interfere) Indigo (Volkswagens)Violet
