Yr8 Flashcards
Pull factors of urban areas?
- Jobs
- Healthcare
- Education
- Family/friends in urban areas
- Higher standard of living there
- More entertainment there
Push factors of rural areas
Few and unreliable jobs
Poor healthcare
Poor education
Climate change making life harder
How is air pressure measured?
By a barometer, in millibars
How is wind speed measured?
By an anemometer
Measured in mph or kmph
Which air mass comes from North Africa?
Tropical continental
Which air mass comes from Central Europe?
Polar continental
Which air mass comes from Greenland/arctic?
Polar maritime
Which air mass comes from the Arctic?
Arctic maritime
Which air mass comes from Atlantic?
Tropical maritime
Define prevailing wind
Main wind direction
Define air mass
A large amount of air which moves from one place to another
What shows temperature on a climate graph?
The continuous red line
What shows rainfall on a climate graph?
Blue bars
What is an anticyclone?
A high pressure weather system
Define ocean current
A continuous movement of ocean water from one place to another
Define development
The use of resources to improve the standard of living and quality of life of a nation
Define quality of life
The general well being of a person or society l, defined in terms of health and happiness
What is the average income per capita in an LIC?
$1,045 or less
What is the average income per capita in an NEE?
$1,045 to $12,746
What is the average income per capita in an HIC?
$12,746 +
Examples of development indicators?
Wealth, calorie intake, life expectancy, birth rate, GNI, literacy rate, mortality rate
Define trade
The buying and selling of goods and services between countries
What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty?
Relative poverty is where someone is poor compared to the average in society, but can still afford basic needs
Absolute poverty is when someone is so poor they cannot meet basic needs
Reasons for inequal development?
- landlocked: less trade
- conflict: less people and infrastructure destroyed
- climate: crop failures and damage to infrastructure
What is a confluenece?
Where a tributary joins the main river
What is a watershed?
The boundary between one river’s drainage basin and another river’s drainage basin
What is a drainage basin?
The area of land drained by a river where the water cycle takes place
What is surface storage?
Water lying on ground surface, like in puddles or lakes
What is surface runoff?
When water flows overground
What is inflitration?
Where water soaks into the soil
What is evaporation?
Water is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water from plants
What is throughflow?
When water in the soil moves downhill
What is perlocation?
When water moves vertically through the soil and rock
What is channel flow?
The flow of water through a river
What is condensation?
The process of water vapour turning into a liquid as it is cooled
What is precipitation?
Any form of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface of the earth
What is groundwater flow?
When the water in rock flows downhill
What is soil moisture?
Water stored in the soil
What is interception?
When water droplets collect on trees or plants
How are large boulders transported in rivers?
By traction
Large boulders roll across river bed
How are smaller stones transported in rivers?
By saltation
Smaller stones bouncing along riverbed
How are small particles transported in rivers?
By suspension
Small particles are suspended in the water and flows along
How are soluble particles transported in rivers?
By solution
Small particles dissolve into water and flow along
What is abrasion?
Rocks grinding against surface in a ‘sandpaper effect’, wearing away the surface
What is attrition?
Rocks bumping against each other, breaking up to make smaller rocks
What is hydraulic action?
Force of the water opening up weaknesses in surface, widening into cracks and eventually breaking of bits of the surface
Please please please look in your yr8 book for waterfalls and gorges 🙏🙏🙏😇😇
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What is a floodplain and how is it formed?
Flat land beside a river in the lower course.
Formed when river floods and deposits alluvium, making land fertile, or by meanders moving.
What is alluvium?
Alluvium is a general term for clay, silt, sand and gravel
What are levees and how are they formed?
Raised river banks, usually formed by deposition, but can be made artificially to reduce flood risk
What is an estuary and how is it formed?
Where freshwater river meets ocean
Deposition builds up mudflats
Is tidal here
What is a delta and how is it formed?
When a river reaches a lake/sea and loses energy, it deposits its load and material builds up so much that the sea can’t carry it away.
Very fertile
How is an oxbow lake formed?
- Erosion wears away neck of meander
- during flooding, river cuts across neck
- soon, loop of meander is sealed off, forming an oxbow lake
