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Geography GCSE > Yr8 > Flashcards

Yr8 Flashcards

1
Q

Pull factors of urban areas?

A
  • Jobs
  • Healthcare
  • Education
  • Family/friends in urban areas
  • Higher standard of living there
  • More entertainment there
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2
Q

Push factors of rural areas

A

Few and unreliable jobs
Poor healthcare
Poor education
Climate change making life harder

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3
Q

How is air pressure measured?

A

By a barometer, in millibars

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4
Q

How is wind speed measured?

A

By an anemometer
Measured in mph or kmph

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5
Q

Which air mass comes from North Africa?

A

Tropical continental

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6
Q

Which air mass comes from Central Europe?

A

Polar continental

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7
Q

Which air mass comes from Greenland/arctic?

A

Polar maritime

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8
Q

Which air mass comes from the Arctic?

A

Arctic maritime

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9
Q

Which air mass comes from Atlantic?

A

Tropical maritime

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10
Q

Define prevailing wind

A

Main wind direction

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11
Q

Define air mass

A

A large amount of air which moves from one place to another

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12
Q

What shows temperature on a climate graph?

A

The continuous red line

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13
Q

What shows rainfall on a climate graph?

A

Blue bars

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14
Q

What is an anticyclone?

A

A high pressure weather system

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15
Q

Define ocean current

A

A continuous movement of ocean water from one place to another

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16
Q

Define development

A

The use of resources to improve the standard of living and quality of life of a nation

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17
Q

Define quality of life

A

The general well being of a person or society l, defined in terms of health and happiness

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18
Q

What is the average income per capita in an LIC?

A

$1,045 or less

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19
Q

What is the average income per capita in an NEE?

A

$1,045 to $12,746

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20
Q

What is the average income per capita in an HIC?

A

$12,746 +

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21
Q

Examples of development indicators?

A

Wealth, calorie intake, life expectancy, birth rate, GNI, literacy rate, mortality rate

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22
Q

Define trade

A

The buying and selling of goods and services between countries

23
Q

What is the difference between relative and absolute poverty?

A

Relative poverty is where someone is poor compared to the average in society, but can still afford basic needs
Absolute poverty is when someone is so poor they cannot meet basic needs

24
Q

Reasons for inequal development?

A
  • landlocked: less trade
  • conflict: less people and infrastructure destroyed
  • climate: crop failures and damage to infrastructure
25
Q

What is a confluenece?

A

Where a tributary joins the main river

26
Q

What is a watershed?

A

The boundary between one river’s drainage basin and another river’s drainage basin

27
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

The area of land drained by a river where the water cycle takes place

28
Q

What is surface storage?

A

Water lying on ground surface, like in puddles or lakes

29
Q

What is surface runoff?

A

When water flows overground

30
Q

What is inflitration?

A

Where water soaks into the soil

31
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Water is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour

32
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The evaporation of water from plants

33
Q

What is throughflow?

A

When water in the soil moves downhill

34
Q

What is perlocation?

A

When water moves vertically through the soil and rock

35
Q

What is channel flow?

A

The flow of water through a river

36
Q

What is condensation?

A

The process of water vapour turning into a liquid as it is cooled

37
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Any form of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface of the earth

38
Q

What is groundwater flow?

A

When the water in rock flows downhill

39
Q

What is soil moisture?

A

Water stored in the soil

40
Q

What is interception?

A

When water droplets collect on trees or plants

41
Q

How are large boulders transported in rivers?

A

By traction
Large boulders roll across river bed

42
Q

How are smaller stones transported in rivers?

A

By saltation
Smaller stones bouncing along riverbed

43
Q

How are small particles transported in rivers?

A

By suspension
Small particles are suspended in the water and flows along

44
Q

How are soluble particles transported in rivers?

A

By solution
Small particles dissolve into water and flow along

45
Q

What is abrasion?

A

Rocks grinding against surface in a ‘sandpaper effect’, wearing away the surface

46
Q

What is attrition?

A

Rocks bumping against each other, breaking up to make smaller rocks

47
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Force of the water opening up weaknesses in surface, widening into cracks and eventually breaking of bits of the surface

48
Q

Please please please look in your yr8 book for waterfalls and gorges 🙏🙏🙏😇😇

A

.

49
Q

What is a floodplain and how is it formed?

A

Flat land beside a river in the lower course.
Formed when river floods and deposits alluvium, making land fertile, or by meanders moving.

50
Q

What is alluvium?

A

Alluvium is a general term for clay, silt, sand and gravel

51
Q

What are levees and how are they formed?

A

Raised river banks, usually formed by deposition, but can be made artificially to reduce flood risk

52
Q

What is an estuary and how is it formed?

A

Where freshwater river meets ocean
Deposition builds up mudflats
Is tidal here

53
Q

What is a delta and how is it formed?

A

When a river reaches a lake/sea and loses energy, it deposits its load and material builds up so much that the sea can’t carry it away.
Very fertile

54
Q

How is an oxbow lake formed?

A
  • Erosion wears away neck of meander
  • during flooding, river cuts across neck
  • soon, loop of meander is sealed off, forming an oxbow lake

Geography GCSE (7 decks)

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