YR11 - SAC - Chapter 7 Review Flashcards
List some common causes of brain damage
Head injuries:
Concussions or mild concussions, strokes, high-intensity sports that involve the traumatization of the head (football or rugby), anoxia, car accidents
Define concussion
A concussion is the violent shaking of the brain, an injury to the brain is caused when force is applied to the brain or the body
List the effects of a concussion
Blackout, headache, blurry vision, dizziness, balance problems, altered mood and behaviour, problems with memory thinking and sleeping and the onset of anxiety and depression
Define aphasia
Impairment of language caused by damage to the brain
What are the two most common types of aphasia?
Broca’s aphasia & Wernicke’s aphasia
Describe and explain Broca’s aphasia
Damage to this area and extending to the surrounding area disrupts the ability to speak, and speech is slow, laborious, and nonfluent.
What are the characteristics of Broca’s aphasia
difficulty with articulation,
anomia – word-finding is difficult, they are groping for the correct words. May omit or use inappropriate words,
difficulty in using grammatical constructions. Grammatical function words (eg. a the some, in, about)
but can manage content words that convey meaning, nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs (eg apple, house, throw, heavy).
What is Broca’s aphasia?
Broca’s aphasia is a result of damage to Broca’s area (located in the left frontal lobe)
It’s also referred to as expressive aphasia
What is Wernicke’s aphasia?
Wernicke’s aphasia results from damage to Wernicke’s area (located in the left temporal lobe near the parietal lobe boundary). It’s also known as receptive aphasia
What are the characteristics of Wernicke’s aphasia?
poor speech comprehension and production of meaningless speech
the person does not strain to articulate words and does not appear to be searching for them
The person uses function words however uses few content words and the speech does not make sense.
Define spatial neglect
Spatial neglect or neglect syndrome is a disorder in which the person affected systematically ignores stimuli on one side of their body
Are affected patients with spatial neglect aware of their condition?
Most sufferers are blissfully unaware (anosognosia) but others may know they have this problem (anosodiaphoria)
Define split-brain
Surgery performed to sever the corpus callosum connecting the left and right hemispheres
Animal modelling
Uses a species of animal that is similar enough to humans so that its physiological responses to medical testing could be applied to human medicine
What is Parkinson’s disease and how does it affect the brain?
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain responsible for body movement. When dopamine-producing neurons die, symptoms such as tremor, slowness, stiffness, and balance problems occur.
