YR11 - SAC: Chapter 3 Review Flashcards
Describe the ‘brain vs heart debate’
Some people believed that the brain is responsible for intelligent thought, personality, decision making and consciousness. Others believed that the heart was responsible for these qualities and functions.
Signify the importance of the ‘brain vs heart debate’
It is important because it discusses which organ was the source of our thoughts, feelings and behaviours and which organs control which functions.
What did the Egyptians believe?
The Egyptians believed that the brain was unimportant and that the heart was the most crucial part of being. - The centre of reason, intelligence and personality.
What did the Greeks believe?
The Greeks believed that the brain played an important part in our existence although there where some difference in opinion as to how.
Describe ‘Phrenology’
Phrenology is the study of lumps, bumps and indentations of the skull to determine a person’s character, intelligence and a range of other areas responsible for a variety of behavioural functions.
How is phrenology linked to a person’s personality?
It was considered that human behavior based upon the belief that an individual’s character and mental faculties correlate with the shape of their head.
Define ‘Monism’
The belief that the mind and body are a single entity.
Define ‘Dualism’
The belief that the mind is a separate entity from the body.
Highlight the difference between ‘monism’ and ‘dualism’
Monism is the belief that the mind and body are a single entity while dualism is the belief that the mind is a separate entity from the body.
Explain and describe how a ‘Cast study’ can be used in the study of the brain…
Case study: In-depth study of behaviour through observation, diagnostic tests, interviews and medical records.
Use to study the brain: To be analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behaviour.
Explain and describe how an ‘Autopsy’ can be used in the study of the brain…
Autopsy: Surgically opening up the body of a deceased person to examine the location of damage/ illness/ cause of death.
Use: Autopsies are diagnostic by nature, and can help a family learn more information about the cause of their loved ones death.
Explain and describe how ‘Surgical procedures’ can be used in the study of the brain…
Operations: Surgical procedures for patients with damaged brains where one or more incisions are made into the brain/body in order to repair damage
Use: A brain surgery may help understand what part of the brain is causing epileptic episodes or repair a brain bleed
Explain and describe how an ‘EEG’ can be used in the study of the brain…
EEG: An EEG is a test that detects electrical activity in your brain by using electrodes attached to your scalp. This activity shows up as wavy lines on an EEG recording.
Use: This technique is used to show the brain in real-time and can help doctors form a more accurate hypothesis and treatment plan on your illness or condition.
What questions does the ‘Mind-body problem’ raise?
The mind-body problem raises two questions:
- How can the mind (non-physical) be related to the brain (physical)?
- How can the mind (non-physical) influence or cause changes in the brain (physical)?
Describe the ‘Mind-body problem’
The mind-body problem is: ‘what is the mind?’ and ‘what relationship does the mind have with the brain (body)?’
What were ‘brain organs’ and were where they suppose to be located?
Brain organs were believed to be certain areas of the skull that were thought to be linked to specific characteristics which grew in size due to scientist ‘lose it or use it’ concept. The skull had changed or formed to accommodate the brain organs growth or disappearance.
How many brain organs were thought to exist?
37 - organs
27 - identified by Franz Gall
10 - identified by his partner Superzheim
Explain the brain organ of ‘Calculation’ and what it helps with…
Calculation: Ability to calculate by mental arithmetic; to add, subtract, divide, multiply, etc
Explain the brain organ of ‘Continuity’ and what it helps with…
Ability to focus and complete a task/story
Explain the brain organ of ‘Inhabitiveness’ and what it helps with…
Love of home - desire to live permanently in one place; adapted to the necessity of a home
Define a ‘PET scan’
An imaging test that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning. A PET scan uses a radioactive drug (tracer) to show this activity.
Define a ‘SPECT scan’
scan lets your doctor analyze the function of some of your internal organs. it uses a radioactive substance and a special camera to create 3-D pictures.
Define a ‘CT scan’
Produced a high-resolution 3D computerised - enhanced image of the brain
Define an ‘MRI scan’
Creates magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the inside of the body.
Define an ‘fMRI scan’
Monitors blood flow and oxygen consumption to reveal areas of greater brain activity and function
Define a ‘DOT scan’
Uses tiny infrared lights on the head to produce images of the brain and other soft tissue
Define a ‘MEG scan’
An imaging technique that identifies brain activity and measures small magnetic fields produced in the brain.
Define an ‘fNIRS scan’
Uses infrared light to detect changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood
