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Question 1

what are two types of crust?

Answer 1

oceanic and continental

Question 2

what is the earth’s crust split up into?

Answer 2

tectonic plates

Question 3

what is the name of the boundary between two tectonic plates?

Answer 3

plate margins

Question 4

where are the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes located?

Answer 4

at plate margins

Question 5

name the tectonic plate margin where two tectonic plates slide past each other?

Answer 5

conservative

Question 6

name the tectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new materials to plates that are diverging or moving apart

Answer 6

constructive

Question 7

name the tectonic plate margin where two plates are coming together and the oceanic plate is subducted

Answer 7

destructive

Question 8

what is a sudden or violent movement within the Earth’s crust followed by a series of shocks called?

Answer 8

earthquake

Question 9

what is the point under the earth where an earthquake starts?

Answer 9

focus

Question 10

what are the initial impacts of a natural event on people and property, caused directly by it, known as?

Answer 10

primary effects

Question 11

what are the after-effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event know as?

Answer 11

secondary effects

Question 12

what are the 3 cells in the global atmospheric circulation model?

Answer 12

hadley, ferrel, polar

Question 13

is there high or low pressure on the equator?

Answer 13

low

Question 14

what is the minimum sea temp required for a tropical storm to form?

Answer 14

27C

Question 15

name the force that causes tropical storms to spin

Answer 15

coriolis effect

Question 16

what happens to tropical storms when they reach land?

Answer 16

they lose energy

Question 17

what is the name of the scale used to categorise tropical storms?

Answer 17

saffir-simpson scale

Question 18

which part of a tropical storm has the highest wind speeds?

Answer 18

eye wall

Question 19

what is urbanisation?

Answer 19

the growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas

Question 20

what is rural-urban migration?

Answer 20

the movement of people from the countryside to cities

Question 21

how is natural increase in population defined?

Answer 21

where the birth rate is higher than the death rate

Question 22

what are informal settlements?

Answer 22

houses or shelters that have been built by people on land they have no legal right to use

Question 23

name 3 strategies to reduce congestion in London

Answer 23

congestion charges/zones, hydrogen buses, Santander bikes

Question 24

the wearing away of the landscape is know as…

Answer 24

erosion

Question 25

the movement of material due to the river's energy and flow is know as...

Answer 25

transport

Question 26

the laying down of materials by the river's energy and flow is known as...

Answer 26

deposition

Question 27

the process of erosion where the force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in the cracks and crevices weakening the banks is ...

Answer 27

hydraulic action

Question 28

the process of erosion where rocks carried along by the river wears down the river bed and banks is...

Answer 28

abrasion

Question 29

the process of erosion where rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles is...

Answer 29

attrition

Question 30

the process of transport where particles bounce down the river bed

Answer 30

saltation

Question 31

the process of transport where boulders and pebbles are rolled along the the river bed

Answer 31

traction

Question 32

what happens to the discharge closer to the mouth?

Answer 32

increases

Question 33

what happens to the sediment size and angularity closer to the mouth?

Answer 33

smaller and less angular (rounder)

Question 34

a narrow, steep sided valley, often formed as a waterfall retreats upstream is called a...

Answer 34

gorge

Question 35

a series of ridges projecting out on alternate sides of a valley and which a river winds its course around are called...

Answer 35

interlocking spurs

Question 36

an arc-shaped lake which has been cut off from a meandering river is called an...

Answer 36

oxbow lake

Question 37

the tidal mouth of a river where it meets the sea *(with wide banks of deposited mud are exposed at low tide) is called an...

Answer 37

estuary

Question 38

natural or man-made embankments of sediment along the bank of a river are called...

Answer 38

levees

Question 39

rivers discharge exceeding river channel capacity is known as...

Answer 39

flooding

Question 40

the building of artificial structures using various materials such as rock, concrete and steel to reduce, disrupt of stop the impact of the river processes is known as...

Answer 40

hard engineering

Question 41

the use of natural environment surrounding a river, using schemes that work with the river's natural processes to reduce flooding is know as...

Answer 41

soft engineering

Question 42

2 exam questions on the set hw