Yr10 Flashcards
What does positive hydrogen ions (acid) + negative hydrogen ion (alkali) equal?
Neutral water
What does dissociate mean?
Splitting
What does a strong acid do when placed in a solution?
Every individual molecule dissociate when placed in a solution this means it may have a PH of 1
What does a weak acid do when placed in a solution?
Not all of the molecules dissociate some still stay together this means it may have a PH of 5 or 6
What is a base?
Bases are chemicals that can neutralize acids
What are the three common salts that make all soluble?
-sodium
-potassium
-ammonium
What makes all salts soluble?
Nitrates
What makes most salts soluble
Chlorides and sulfates
What are the exceptions that make chlorides insoluble?
-silver chloride
-lead chlorides
What the exception that makes sulfates insoluble?
-lead sulfates
-barium sulfate
-calcium sulfate
What is an ion?
Is an atom or group of atoms that has a electrical charge, either positive or negative
What is a positive ion?
An atom that loose electrons so has more protons meaning it is positive as protons are positive
What is a negative ion?
An atom that gains electrons so has more electrons then protons meaning it has a negative charge as electrons are negative
What are the properties of a diamond?
Very hard
Very high melting point due to strong bonds
Cannot conduct electricity (no free electrons)
What are the properties of graphite?
Soft and slippery
Weak forces of attraction easily broken
Can conduct electricity
What is malleable?
When bent or hit the layers of ion in a metal can slide over each other
How to obtain a clear dry preciptate?
Filter the solution
Rinse the precipitate with distilled water
Dry sample in a warm oven
How to make soluble salts?
-Filter solution
-Collect filtrate, evaporate the water
-Allow it to crystallize and pay dry any access water
What are the steps to make the empirical formula?
-Mass
-Relative atomic mass
-Divide them
-Divide by the smallest value out of the 2 elements
-Put these 2 number by the symbols to make a formula
What is metallic bonding?
The bonding between 2 metal elements
What is ionic bonding?
The bonding between metal and non metal elements
What is covalent bonding?
The bonding between 2 non metal elements
What is the difference between each pH?
X10 going towards 1
Divide by ten going towards 14
What is titration?
Adding and acid or alkaline to to a solution until it changes colour or neutralizes
What is the relative formula mass of Ca(OH)2?
40+(1+16)x2
40+(17)x2
40+34=74
What is the relative formula mass of Al2(SO4)3
54+(32+64)x3
54+(96)x3
54+288=342
What is the relative formula mass of H2SO4?
1x2+32+16x4
2+32+64=98
What is the equation for moles
mass divided by molor mass
