Yr 8 Variation Test

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

-different forms of a gene

Question 2

biodiversity

Answer 2

-a measure of the variety of all the different species of plants/animals on earth (or within a particular habitat)

Question 3

captive breeding

Answer 3

-breeding animals in human-controlled environments

Question 4

chromosome(s)

Answer 4

-thread-like structure containing tightly coiled DNA
-it contains many genes

Question 5

competition

Answer 5

-when 2+ struggle against each other to get the same resource

Question 6

conservation

Answer 6

-protecting a natural environment, to ensure that habitats are not lost

Question 7

dominant allele

Answer 7

-a dominant allele will always be expressed if it is present

Question 8

endangered species

Answer 8

-a species with only small numbers of organisms left in the world

Question 9

evolution

Answer 9

-theory that the animal and plant species living today descended from species that existed in the past

Question 10

extinct

Answer 10

-when no more individuals of a species remain anywhere in the world

Question 11

fossil

Answer 11

-the remains or traces of plants and animals that have turned to stone

Question 12

gene

Answer 12

-a section of DNA that determines an inherited characteristic

Question 13

gene bank

Answer 13

-a store of genetic samples, used for research and to try to prevent extinction

Question 14

genetic modification

Answer 14

-a technique in which scientists insert foreign genes into organisms to change their characteristics

Question 15

inherited characteristics

Answer 15

-features that are passed from parents to their offspring

Question 16

mutation

Answer 16

-change to DNA that can cause disease

Question 17

natural selection (evolving type shi)

Answer 17

-process by which species change over time in response to environmental changes and competition for resources
-the organisms with the characteristics that are most suited to the environment survive and reproduce, passing on their genes

Question 18

population

Answer 18

-group of organisms of the same kind living in the same place

Question 19

recessive

Answer 19

-a recessive allele will only be expressed if two copies are present.

Question 20

Punnet square

Answer 20

-a diagram used to show the possible combinations of alleles inherited from the parents.

Question 21

variation

Answer 21

-any difference between the individuals in a species or groups of organisms of any species
-caused either by:
genetic factors (genotypic variation)
or
environmental factors (phenotypic variation).

Question 22

genetic variation (discontinuous)

Answer 22

-genes inherited from our parents that do not change and we cannot change
for example:
-sex
-natural eye colour
-blood group
-ability to roll tongue or not
-attached earlobes or not

Question 23

environmental variation (continuous)

Answer 23

-differences that are caused by the environment around us that we cannot inherit and can change
for example:
-tanned skin
-tattoos
-dyed hair
-scars
factors that affect environmental variation:
-climate we live in
-culture and lifestyle
-diet
-physical injury

Question 24

intraspecific variation

Answer 24

-the differences between individuals within a species
for example:
-the variety of characteristics within your classmates or family

Question 25

interspecific variation

Answer 25

-the differences between species in an ecosystem
for example:
- the variety of characteristics between lions and cheetahs in Africa.

Question 26

biodiversity and variation difference

Answer 26

b-measure of all the differences
v-sum of all the differences

Question 27

selective breeding

Answer 27

-2 adavantageous characteristics of animals/plants that are bred together

Question 28

mitosis

Answer 28

-a process where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cellsused for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
stages:
1. 46 chromosomes in the cell
2. The chromosomes double
3. Chromosomes line up in the middle
4. Chromosomes pulled apart
5. Cytoplasm and nuclear membrane start to divide
6. Two identical daughter cells are formed