End of Year 8 plant test Flashcards
What do plants need?
-water and sunlight (where they get nutrients and minerals)
-space to grow
-respiration (needs oxygen)
Different classifications include:
-whether they can circulate fluids (water and solutions) through their bodies or need to absorb them from the moisture that surrounds them
-how they reproduce (e.g. by spores or different kinds of seeds)
Where does glucose come from?
Through photosynthesis or sap
Why is photosynthesis important for food chains on Earth?
Provides energy and organic material for almost all other organisms
Where does photosynthesis occur in plants and algae?
-in green parts of plants
-particularly in chloroplasts in the cytoplasm
What pigment is found in chloroplasts and is crucial for photosynthesis?
-green pigment of chlorophyll (crucial for photosynthesis)
-absorbs light energy
Can photosynthesis occur in the stems of plants? If yes, why?
Yes, if the plant contains chloroplast > houses the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis
Why are most plant roots white instead of green?
Lack chlorophyll
Explain why having chloroplasts in root cells would be inefficient
-underground (away from light) they cannot do photosynthesis
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis and why?
-the leaf does more photosynthesis because they have a larger surface area and direct exposure to sunlight
How does the variety in the size and shape of leaves benefit plants?
Allows plants to maximize photosynthesis and adapt to different environmental conditions
Why do plants evolve specific leaf structures to suit their environment?
-optimise survival:
(e.g. sunlight absorption, water conservation etc.)
What is the purpose of spines on plants living in hot conditions?
-protect against herbivores and reduce water loss
How does the strong sun influence the evolution of green cells into protective spines?
Provides protection from harsh conditions
What are succulents, and how have they adapted their leaves for their environment?
-thickened leaves to store more water
- to survive in hot,dry (arid) environments
Why might thicker leaves be advantageous for plants in certain environments?
Thicker leaves help plants retain water to survive in environments where water is scarce
Molecules made from glucose
-lipids/fats -nucleic acids
-amino sugars -vitamin c
-protein -cellulose
-fructose
Transpiration
-water moves up from the roots to the leaves and then turns into vapor and leaves the plant
-helps the plant stay cool and move nutrients around
-like plant sweating
carbon dioxide + water =
glucose + oxygen
two ways to increase photosynthesis
-temperature
-light intensity
Chloroplast vs. Chlorophyll
Chloroplast houses chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that absorbs light energy , and converts the light energy into chemical energy
Two substrates needed for photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
Two products a plant makes from glucose
Starch- for energy storage
Cellulose- for building cell walls
Where does respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
When does respiration occur?
All the time because it is the process where cells obtain energy from glucose
What gases pass through the stomata at night?
Carbon dioxide
What gases pass through the stomata on a sunny day?
Oxygen and water vapor
