End of Year 8 plant test

Question 1

What do plants need?

Answer 1

-water and sunlight (where they get nutrients and minerals)
-space to grow
-respiration (needs oxygen)

Question 2

Different classifications include:

Answer 2

-whether they can circulate fluids (water and solutions) through their bodies or need to absorb them from the moisture that surrounds them
-how they reproduce (e.g. by spores or different kinds of seeds)

Question 3

Where does glucose come from?

Answer 3

Through photosynthesis or sap

Question 4

Why is photosynthesis important for food chains on Earth?

Answer 4

Provides energy and organic material for almost all other organisms

Question 5

Where does photosynthesis occur in plants and algae?

Answer 5

-in green parts of plants
-particularly in chloroplasts in the cytoplasm

Question 6

What pigment is found in chloroplasts and is crucial for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

-green pigment of chlorophyll (crucial for photosynthesis)
-absorbs light energy

Question 7

Can photosynthesis occur in the stems of plants? If yes, why?

Answer 7

Yes, if the plant contains chloroplast > houses the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis

Question 8

Why are most plant roots white instead of green?

Answer 8

Lack chlorophyll

Question 9

Explain why having chloroplasts in root cells would be inefficient

Answer 9

-underground (away from light) they cannot do photosynthesis

Question 10

Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis and why?

Answer 10

-the leaf does more photosynthesis because they have a larger surface area and direct exposure to sunlight

Question 11

How does the variety in the size and shape of leaves benefit plants?

Answer 11

Allows plants to maximize photosynthesis and adapt to different environmental conditions

Question 12

Why do plants evolve specific leaf structures to suit their environment?

Answer 12

-optimise survival:
(e.g. sunlight absorption, water conservation etc.)

Question 13

What is the purpose of spines on plants living in hot conditions?

Answer 13

-protect against herbivores and reduce water loss

Question 14

How does the strong sun influence the evolution of green cells into protective spines?

Answer 14

Provides protection from harsh conditions

Question 15

What are succulents, and how have they adapted their leaves for their environment?

Answer 15

-thickened leaves to store more water
- to survive in hot,dry (arid) environments

Question 16

Why might thicker leaves be advantageous for plants in certain environments?

Answer 16

Thicker leaves help plants retain water to survive in environments where water is scarce

Question 17

Molecules made from glucose

Answer 17

-lipids/fats -nucleic acids
-amino sugars -vitamin c
-protein -cellulose
-fructose

Question 18

Transpiration

Answer 18

-water moves up from the roots to the leaves and then turns into vapor and leaves the plant
-helps the plant stay cool and move nutrients around
-like plant sweating

Question 19

carbon dioxide + water =

Answer 19

glucose + oxygen

Question 20

two ways to increase photosynthesis

Answer 20

-temperature
-light intensity

Question 21

Chloroplast vs. Chlorophyll

Answer 21

Chloroplast houses chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that absorbs light energy , and converts the light energy into chemical energy

Question 22

Two substrates needed for photosynthesis

Answer 22

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 23

Two products a plant makes from glucose

Answer 23

Starch- for energy storage
Cellulose- for building cell walls

Question 24

Where does respiration take place?

Answer 24

In the mitochondria

Question 25

When does respiration occur?

Answer 25

All the time because it is the process where cells obtain energy from glucose

Question 26

What gases pass through the stomata at night?

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide

Question 27

What gases pass through the stomata on a sunny day?

Answer 27

Oxygen and water vapor