Yr 10 Term 1 Exam

Question 1

Neutralisation

Answer 1

Neutralisation is a reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form a neutral solution of a salt and water.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Question 2

Combination

Answer 2

A combination reaction is a reaction in which two reactants combine to form one product. For example hydrogen gets combined with chlorine to from hydro-chloride.

Question 3

Precipitation

Answer 3

A precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined. The insoluble salt that falls out of solution is known as the precipitate, hence the reaction’s name. Precipitation reactions can help determine the presence of various ions in solution.

Question 4

Combustion

Answer 4

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.

Question 5

Decomposition

Answer 5

A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products. This can be represented by the general equation: AB → A + B. Examples of decomposition reactions include the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and the breakdown of water to hydrogen and oxygen.

Question 6

Corrosion

Answer 6

Corrosion is a process by which metals deteriorate through oxidation—usually but not always to their oxides. For example, when exposed to air, iron rusts, silver tarnishes, and copper and brass acquire a bluish-green surface called a patina.

Question 7

Neutralisation equation

Answer 7

salt + water

Question 8

Corrosion equation

Answer 8

metal oxide

Question 9

Precipitation equation

Answer 9

insoluble salt

Question 10

Combustion equation

Answer 10

water + carbon-dioxide

Question 11

Acid + Metal

Answer 11

salt + hydrogen

Question 12

Acid + Carbonate

Answer 12

salt + carbon-dioxide + water

Question 13

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 13

The mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction. Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

Question 14

Displacement equation

Answer 14

AB+C = A+BC (single)
AB+CD = AD + BC (double)

Question 15

4 Types of Chemical bonding

Answer 15

Metallic, Covalent, Ionic, Metallic

Question 16

Ionic Bonds

Answer 16

bonds formed between ions with opposite charges

Question 17

Covalent Bonds

Answer 17

atoms bonded by sharing electrons

Question 18

Metallic Bond

Answer 18

force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance

Question 19

Genes

Answer 19

Genes are a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring

Question 20

Chromosomes

Answer 20

A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 21

Distinguish between genes and chromosomes

Answer 21

Genes are a specific part of DNA whereas chromosomes are threadlike structures within the cells that contain genes.

Question 22

Alleles

Answer 22

Alleles are two or more matching genes. This can be one from your mother and another from your father.

Question 23

Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous alleles.

Answer 23

A homozygous allele is when a gene or genes has two identical alleles whereas a heterozygous allele is when a gene has two different alleles.

Question 24

Distinguish between a dominant trait and a recessive trait

Answer 24

Dominant traits are always expressed when the connected allele is dominant. Recessive traits are expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive.

Question 25

Endothermic

Answer 25

A reaction that absorbs heat such as photosynthesis.

Question 26

Exothermic

Answer 26

A reaction that releases heat such as combustion.

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

genetic make-up of an object

Question 28

Phenotype

Answer 28

Refers to the observable characteristics of an individual

Question 29

homozygous

Answer 29

when an individual possesses two alleles that are the same for a certain gene

Question 30

heterozygous

Answer 30

when an individual possesses two different alleles for the same gene

Question 31

mutation

Answer 31

permanent change to the DNA sequence making up a gene