Yr 10 Term 1 Exam Flashcards
Neutralisation
Neutralisation is a reaction where an acid reacts with a base to form a neutral solution of a salt and water.
Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Combination
A combination reaction is a reaction in which two reactants combine to form one product. For example hydrogen gets combined with chlorine to from hydro-chloride.
Precipitation
A precipitation reaction refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined. The insoluble salt that falls out of solution is known as the precipitate, hence the reaction’s name. Precipitation reactions can help determine the presence of various ions in solution.
Combustion
A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.
Decomposition
A decomposition reaction occurs when one reactant breaks down into two or more products. This can be represented by the general equation: AB → A + B. Examples of decomposition reactions include the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen, and the breakdown of water to hydrogen and oxygen.
Corrosion
Corrosion is a process by which metals deteriorate through oxidation—usually but not always to their oxides. For example, when exposed to air, iron rusts, silver tarnishes, and copper and brass acquire a bluish-green surface called a patina.
Neutralisation equation
salt + water
Corrosion equation
metal oxide
Precipitation equation
insoluble salt
Combustion equation
water + carbon-dioxide
Acid + Metal
salt + hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate
salt + carbon-dioxide + water
Law of conservation of mass
The mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction. Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
Displacement equation
AB+C = A+BC (single) AB+CD = AD + BC (double)
4 Types of Chemical bonding
Metallic, Covalent, Ionic, Metallic
Ionic Bonds
bonds formed between ions with opposite charges
Covalent Bonds
atoms bonded by sharing electrons
Metallic Bond
force that holds atoms together in a metallic substance
Genes
Genes are a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring
Chromosomes
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Distinguish between genes and chromosomes
Genes are a specific part of DNA whereas chromosomes are threadlike structures within the cells that contain genes.
Alleles
Alleles are two or more matching genes. This can be one from your mother and another from your father.
Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous alleles.
A homozygous allele is when a gene or genes has two identical alleles whereas a heterozygous allele is when a gene has two different alleles.
Distinguish between a dominant trait and a recessive trait
Dominant traits are always expressed when the connected allele is dominant. Recessive traits are expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive.
