Yr 1 Definitions

Question 1

Define ‘gene mutation’

Answer 1

change in the base/nucleotide (sequence of chromosomes/DNA)

Question 2

Define “universal”

Answer 2

The same codon/triplet always codes for the same amino acid

Question 3

non-overlapping

Answer 3

each base is only part of one triplet/codon

Question 4

degenerate

Answer 4

more than one codon/triplet codes for each amino acid

Question 5

quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 5

more than one polypeptide joined

Question 6

what is a gene

Answer 6

a sequence of DNA (nucleotide) bases that codes for a polypeptide

Question 7

substitution mutation

Answer 7

replacement of a base by a different base in DNA

Question 8

homologous pair of chromosomes

Answer 8

pairs of chromosomes with genes for same features at same loci

Question 9

digestion

Answer 9

hydrolysis of large/insoluble substances into smaller/soluble substances

Question 10

tissue

Answer 10

group of similar cells with a common origin

Question 11

monomer

Answer 11

smaller/repeating unit from which polymers are made

Question 12

unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 12

one with double bonds b/n carbon

Question 13

enzyme

Answer 13

a protein catalyst which lowers activation energy

Question 14

allele

Answer 14

a different form of a gene

Question 15

polymer

Answer 15

molecule made up of many identical/similar molecules/monomers

Question 16

genome

Answer 16

complete set of genes in a cell

Question 17

proteome

Answer 17

full range of proteins that a cell can produce

Question 18

tumour

Answer 18

a mass of cells/tissue caused by uncontrolled cell division

Question 19

antigen

Answer 19

a foreign protein that stimulates an immune response/production of antibody

Question 20

antibody

Answer 20

a protein specific to an antigen; produced by B-cells

Question 21

monoclonal antibody

Answer 21

Antibodies with the same tertiary structure produced from identical plasma cells

Question 22

independent variable

Answer 22

variable that is changed

Question 23

pathogen

Answer 23

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 24

an organ

Answer 24

a group of tissues

Question 25

a vaccine

Answer 25

something which contains antigens or dead/weakened pathogen that stimulates production of antibodies

Question 26

a clone

Answer 26

genetically identical cells or individuals

Question 27

malignant tumour

Answer 27

mass of undifferentiated cells, caused by uncontrolled cell division; which can metastasise (spread to other parts of the body)

Question 28

attenuated microorganism

Answer 28

microorganisms that are alive; but do not cause symptoms of disease

Question 29

risk factor

Answer 29

something that increases chance/probability/ makes it more likely

Question 30

partial pressure

Answer 30

a measure of concentration of gas in a mixture of gases or a liquid

Question 31

mutagenic agent

Answer 31

something that increases the rate of mutations

Question 32

exon

Answer 32

a base sequence coding for a polypeptide sequence

Question 33

non-coding base sequence (intron)

Answer 33

DNA that does not code for polypeptides; positioned between genes