youth subcultures Flashcards
growth of youth subcultures
impact of USA culture
increasing economic power
increased birth rate
longer transition to adulthood
Parsons - why sc formed
rite of passage
transitional state
Eisenstadt
letting off steam
abrams
teenage consumer
hall and jefferson
neo marxist
resistance
time off unemployment racism strikes
due to their economic situation
brake
magical solutions
Heisendohn
CCCS is male stream
McRobbie and Garber
bedroom culture
Thornton
girls in 90s went out clubbing as it required less status and it as part of mainstream society and didn’t require much subcultural capital
Bennet
newcastle clubs neo tribes
had a range of culture music and style
Redhead
postmodernism
media allows people to discover new subcultures eg e kids
Hall and Jefferson - type of YSC
teddy boys
working class
dressed up as middle class superiors
resisted class hegemony
wore suits and slick backs
clarke
skinheads
Hebidge
punks
McRobbie - active girl subcultures
considers gender and ethnicity
black ragga girls dance to securely explicit music
resisting dominant male hegemony
created own cultural space
Hebidge Ethnicity
rastafarianism
Johal and Bains
brasians
code switching
white mask
hyper ethnic style
Nayak
white wannabes
Vale and Juno
modern primatives
mix modern with primitive
body modification in response to a fat changing world
Cashmore - hybrid YSC
rap culture is a hybrid form of music originated in Jamaica, and through globalisation, it had evolved to suit cultures
where example, British rap is different to American rap
supported by post modernist
Jacobson - criminal
3/4 children in custody has an absent father, poor education or lived in violent or deprived homes
Farrington
middle class negotiate their way out of crime
police focus of working class
Muncie
increase of girl gangs caused moral panic
Valier
criticise Merton - we don’t all have the same goals
Murray
based on dependency culture of laziness
they don’t want to work and see claiming benefits as a positive lifestyle
leads to an increase of single mothers raising children with no father figure
makes become sexual predators with poor impulse control
girls become emotionally damaged
blames welfare state for making it easier to claim benefits
should give promotions to couples who are together (nuclear families)
Lea & Young
relative deprivation + marginalisation = deviant subcultures
Akers Interactionism
there must be reason these groups are being labelled as deviant
Willis
lads saw themselves as failures at school
bullied those who weren’t macho and were weak
knew they’d get a job bc at their parents work place so gave up
behaviour carried on at workplace
Brown
‘GETTING IN’ low achievers wants to work manual
‘GETTING OUT’ high archives wanting to improve social positions
‘GETTING ON’ ordinary achievers wanting to comply with school rules
Messerschmidt
‘doing masculinity’
trying to prove their masculinity through violence as they can’t become bread winners
Heisendohn
girls more subject to control in terms of how long they can be out
domestic fear and fear of being alone
discourages girls from joining deviance
not feminine to become deviant
Harding (gender and deviancy)
girls use social skills to carve out a role
they’re fixers
gain street capital
Mac an Ghaill
macho lads
valued the 3 Fs football fighting and fucking
formed resistance to assert their masculinity
Jackson (gender) anti school
lads and ladettes
cool to be clever but not to work hard
avoided letting people know that they revised to avoid looking weak if they did fail
smoke, swore, fought, open about sex lives
Bourgois
El barrio
believed in the american dream of financial success
but grew up poor
they’re ambitious and motivated for money
they deal drugs to gain money to live the american dream
they have a desire to feel included in America
paradox of inclusion
ethnic minorities want to be included and want success, designer labels, american lifestyle but they can’t achieve it due to racism by anuthority and society. This exclusion leads to more exclusion and feeling or marginalisation
Mac and ghaill (ethnicity)
young gifted and black
black sisters - black girls were pro education but received racism from teachers. They were deviant but still wanted to achieve well at school. Confused teachers when they outperformed white people
Archer
muslim boys
demonstrated religious identity through subcultures acting against islamaphobia
they identified as muslim rather than pakistani
found religion more important than ethnicity
subculture gave them protection from racism
