functionalism socio inequality Flashcards
David and moore
class
principle of stratification
all rose must be filled and necessary training must be undertaken
social stratification provides
role allocation: ensures most important positions and filled with the most skilled and given high rewards (motivates people for the best jobs)
functional uniqueness: no other jobs can replace theirs e.g. a doctor can take the role of a nurse but a nurse can’t take on the role of a doctor due to lack of training and skill
level of dependency: the more dependent society is on you the more you get paid e.g. headteachers paid more than teachers
saunders
class
agrees with the equality of opportunity but not the outcome e.g. you can have the same degree as someone from a higher class and they’re more likely to get the job opportunity
however chances of different classes getting upper class jobs is increasing
more lower class going to uni
capitalism creates more white collar jobs people can compete for
A03 Functionalism (Tumin)
It isn’t possible to determine the functional importance of a job e.g. covid demonstrated this we were shown the importance of key workers thats were low paid e.g. cleaners and retail workers
functional importance of jobs are measured subjectively and people have different assumptions of this
Functionalism Young
class
we live in a meritocratic society - if you work hard you will receive higher rewards
people who work hard are able to go through social mobility where they move up classes
A03 Functionalism class (feminist)
society is not democratic, men dominate woman through patriarchy
women are deliberately blocked from from achieving success and high roles due to lack of human capital (Rastogi)
functionalism gender
men and women have separate natural roles in society
there’s a division of men and women in labour work
men - breadwinner women - housewife
(Murdock) women are placed at home due to their biological differences to men, they have a nurturing ability, (hrdy) men have testosterone and adopt a playmate role instead of nurturing role
Functionalism gender (Parsons)
expresses the caring roles of women in contrast to the instrumental roles of men
these differences and ascribed and innate are birth
warm bath theory: women act as stress relievers for men so they can go back to work and ensure the emotional needs of the breadwinner is met
Rastogi
human capital
gained through education, training and employee experience which females lack due to men being more committed to their work whereas women took maternity leaves
A03 Functionalism gender Oakley
gender roles are socially constructed by family
canalisation
manipulation
Olsen and Walby
women have less human capital because they have less training and promotion
Parsons, functionalist ethnicity
assimilation
black americans in the 60s were seen as outsiders however once they assimilated inequality declined
adopting majority culture prevents anomie
A03 - 2nd and 3rd gen immigrants still experience racism
Patterson
host immigrant
britain was initially seen as a stable homogeneous orderly society with a high consensus
this equilibrium was disrupted by the arrival of immigrants
culture clash between west indians (loud and boisterous) and hosts (quiet and private)
the hosts weren’t racist they were initially confused on how to act towards them but when they started to compete with them for housing they became hostile
Francis and Archer
evidence of chinese and Indian focusing on their academics for success in the family. The encouraged hardwork explains good outcomes
Parsons
claimed that as society has changed to modern industries,society has provided roles for people based of their age. The elderly may need to change their roles as they can no longer fufill them and need to allow jobs for young people
Gratton
ageism started in women at age 40 and men 45 by them no longer being considered for promotion
Age mark zuckerberg
‘young people are just smarter’
older people have lower market position due to lack of skill, seen as out of date
young people have more recent knowledge on trends and tech
a samsung store is more likely to hire a young person than an old person
Blaiklie
old age (retirement) is a positive thing where old people look forward to holiday and leisure
there has been a fight against ageing old people undergo cosmetic surgery - people who undergo this experience less ageism
