Youth,deviance and subcultures Flashcards
Berger
Youthfulness is a personal quality and attitude to life.
a youthful person may be thrill seeking, spontaneous, playful, energetic and implusive
pilcher
youth is centred on moving away from the family
the youth are vulnerable and need protecting from becoming deviant.
Davies
argues the youths are increasingly more likely to follow the values of there parents.
becoming conformist mainstream conservative and consumption orientated.
Roberts
transitions into adult hood vary depending on time and place
3 types of transitions
abrupt
gradual
lengthy
depend on culture economy and education
Hall and Jefferson
saw the creation of the teddy boys as an attempt to recreate a sense of a working class community
mostly made up of young working class men who felt threatened by immigration
par took in non utilitarian violence often in defence of ‘territories’
Patrick
studied how non utilitarian violence was used as an initiation into gangs in Glasgow
Albert cohen
saw the link between status frustration, the working classes and delinquent subcultures
Lower class boys strove to emulate middle class values and aspirations but dues to lack of cultural and financial capital are unable to thrive in the school system.
these boys create this status in there peer groups by behaving badly subverting school rules.
Hebdige
neo marxist
used semiotic analysis to study punks
punks use symbols to reject hegemonic and mainstream values.
Becker
Labelling theory
young people more likely to be labelled as deviant by moral entrepreneurs cause they have less negotiation power.
stanely cohen
folk devils and moral panics
deviancy amplification spiral
Phillips and bowling
role of the police
use of labelling to discuss high crime rates among black you
polthemus
suprmarket of style
youths can pic and choose there identities based on consumerism and incorporation
contempoary youth style can be very fluid
borden
case study on skaters and neo tribes
found the subculture was no longer based on rebellion but shared interests and similar style
the neo tribe was low commitment
status was gained through skating ability rather than deviance.
muggleton
used post modern analysis to show that contempoary subcultures are no longer politically motivated
weaker sense of commitiment to the cause
greater variety of styles within groups
semi structured interveiws revealed many youths didnt identify as a single subculture but placed an emphasis on creativity and self expression.
‘punkish not punks’
Thornton
study ravers and club culture
found a highly individualised approach to the subculture with an emphaisis on personal style and having a good time rather than fixed conventions
blackman
contradicted Thornton arguing aspects of rave culture were highly politicised. with anti apartheid and gay rights symbols being present in the clothing
also argues post modernists ignore political movements started by young people
blm extinction rebellion ect
katz
suggests youths commit deviance due to the pleasure of transgression
ludic (crime is like a game), sexual (crime gives you pleasure)
and religious ( breaking what is sacred)
metaphors to explain this idea
Hey
femmist explanation
female friendgroups control each others behaviour and sexual promiscuity
harding
girls act as fixers in gangs
hiding drugs spying sexual roles ect
Adler
sisters in crime
looks at how rising crime rates in women is representive of a new assertive femminity challenging previous gender roles
pussy riot example of increased female deviance
McRobbie and Garber
cult of femininity and bedroom culture
girls are socialised into a bedroom culture were they practice patriarchal values
less opportunity to commit crime
readington
due to the Male-stream nature of sociology and pop culture readington argues that women in the punk movement have become a sub-sub culture as they dont get enough recognition for there work
gramsci
discusses how the bourgoise controlled ideaological superstructure brainwashes the masses into excepting the capitalist system
creates cultural hegemony
theroy built on by hebdiges study of punks
scraton
deviance is a form of political rebellion
hall
policing the crisis
discusses how minorties are often scapegoated by authorities to distract people from the real enemy
lea and young
critise scractons theory as it doesnt explain black on black crime and often romantises crime which has a very real negative impact on peoples lives
pat carlen
often women who commit the most crime are the most oppressed
80% of the study had been in care, child abused or sexually assaulted
direct correlation with poverty.
Murray
deviant youth is the result of the underclass and single mothers
underclass develed from those left behind in the movement from the manual sector to the service sector.
belives single mothers are inadequate socialisers and lack the means to discipline there children
leads to high crime rates in area of poverty
murray and herristein
the bell curve and cognitive elite
argues balck and hispanic people have a lower iq
they have more socially undesirable traits
results in more deviance and ysc
marsland
youth deviancy is the result of welfarism and state benefits
wilson and kelling
broken window theory and zero tollerence policing is the best way to ‘fix’ youth deviancy
parsons
functionalist theory
ysc helps youths find an identity and help the socialisation into adulthood and role allocation via low paid work
helps children developed into well rounded people
eisenstadt
rebelious of youth sc allows for them to mature
argues its functional for society cause it stops people being deviant later in life
supervised risk taking
durkheim
ysc help prevent and channel anomie resulting in a more conformist society
albert cohen
status frustration and anti school subcultures
cloward and ohlin
blocked oppertunity structures
three types of deviant subcultures
criminal-organised gangs
conflict- organised by young people to commit non utilitarian crime
retreatist- drug users
decker and van winkler
pulls and pushes of crime
pulls- status, excitment , money making oppertunities
pushes: oppression , deprivation, challenging home life
alexander
myth of asian gangs
labelling and media creating deviance
sivanadan
study of rastas and anti colonial tendencies
cicourel
negotiations of justice
mcs more likely to be able to negotiate lables
crime they commit is less likely to become there master status
messerschmidt
w/c males more likely to commit crime due to a crisis of masculinty
haenfler
nerd masculinty
modern era men dont need to commit crime to express there masculinty as this can be acheived through gaming
mirza
pro school subcultures
pollack
chilvery thesis
women get treated better by authorities cause of gender norms
pollack
pro ana
female subcultures are hidden and deviance is more hiiden
willis
anti school subcultures
