Young: Association Cortex

Question 1

Cognition can be considered (blank) and identification of stimuli, (blank) to external stimuli and internal motivation, and (blank) responses to stimuli

Answer 1

recognition; selective attention; planning

Question 2

Which lobe is this?

Attends to complex stimuli in the external and internal environment

Answer 2

parietal lobe

Question 3

Which lobe is this?

Identifies the nature of complex information and matches it to a stored template

Answer 3

temporal lobe

Question 4

Which lobe is this?
Planning to execute a behavior in response to a stimuli
Active aspects of attention as well

Answer 4

frontal lobe

Question 5

What happens as a result of a lesion to the RIGHT parietal lobe?

Answer 5

defects in spatial distribution of attention
contralateral neglect syndrome
disruption in spatial frame of reference

Question 6

What is contralateral neglect syndrome?

Answer 6

If you ask a patient to bisect a line right down the middle, they might bisect it more so to the right or left. If the pt draws a house, it may be great on one side, but they forget to fill in the other side.

Question 7

What symptoms may arise due to RIGHT temporal lobe damage?

Answer 7

object agnosia (total or partial)
prosopagnosia (can't identify objects in a category, but you know the category)

Question 8

What is this?
a partial object agnosia in which the failure is in the ability to identify individual members of a category or set while retaining the ability to identify the category

Answer 8

prosopagnosia

Question 9

What are the effects of lesions to association areas in the right frontal lobe?

Answer 9

aprosodias *can’t interpret the emotional inflection in language - use of emoticons might help ;) (think “prose”)
“missing the point”
motor program deficits

Question 10

What are the effects of lesions to association areas in the left frontal lobe?

Answer 10

expressive aphasia

motor program deficits

Question 11

What are the effects of lesions to the association area of the LEFT temporal lobe?

Answer 11

anomia (failure to recognize symbols, so can recognize the object, but don’t have the representation for the word)

Question 12

What are the effects of lesions to the association areas of the left parietal lobe?

Answer 12

deficit in spatial distribution of attention
receptive aphasias
acalculia
right-left confusion

Question 13

What are the effects of lesions to association areas in the frontal general area?

Answer 13

loss of ability to form or follow plans, so overly reactive to immediate stimuli
defects in impulse to act
dysexecutive syndrome
apparent loss of motivation
disinhibition

Question 14

involves the compromise of essential language (symbolic) functions while leaving sensory and motor components of verbal (and written) communication intact

Answer 14

aphasia

Question 15

expressive aphasia

Answer 15

Broca’s aphasia

Question 16

receptive aphasia

Answer 16

Wernicke’s apahsia

Question 17

rare disconnection syndrome

Answer 17

conduction aphasia

Question 18

Post mortem studies
Commissurectomies (split brain studies) 
Sodium amytal
Electrical stimulation of surgical patients
Structural imaging 
Functional imaging
A note with regard to false color

Answer 18

Tests used to establish lateralization of language

Question 19

Significance not understood
There is an analogous area in the frontal operculum
Asymmetrical bulk
Connectivity is different from other association areas

Answer 19

Planum Temporale

Question 20

Left handedness Is associated with greater (blank) as opposed to superiority or inferiority of a given talent, skill—or disability

Answer 20

variability

Question 21

The association cortex lowers the (blank) of a stimulus-response bond - a bond that allows for the very accurate predictions of a response to a known stimulus.

Answer 21

predictability