Structures of the brain, what artery supplies it, what happens if you damage it

Question 1

Frontal lobe.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 1

1. planning and executing a behavioral response to a stimulus
2. anterior cerebral artery
   middle cerebral artery
3. R lesion: aprosodia (missing the point)
   L lesion: expressive aphasia (Broca’s area)
   In general, impulsiveness

Question 2

Parietal lobe.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 2

1. Attending to complex stimuli in internal and external environment
2. anterior cerebral artery
   middle cerebral artery
3. R lesion: contralateral neglect
   L lesion: receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s area)

Question 3

Primary motor cortex.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 3

1. muscle movement

2. anterior cerebral (hip to feet)
middle cerebral (face, upper body, trunk)

3. contralateral motor ataxia + hyperreflexia and spasticity

Question 4

Primary somatosensory cortex.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 4

1. sends information from cortex for TVP and Pain and Temp

2. anterior cerebral (hip to feet)
middle cerebral (hip to face)

3. contralateral loss of sensory perception (TVP and P&T)

Question 5

Temporal lobe.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 5

1. Recognizing things and matching them to a stored template
2. middle cerebral artery (some posterior cerebral *hippocampus)
3. R lesion: object agnosia, prosopagnosia
   L lesion: anomia (can’t find the word for an object)

Question 6

Primary visual cortex.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 6

1. vision
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. contralateral visual field deficit w/ macular sparing *may be bilateral if you occlude the posterior cerebral artery

Question 7

Cingulate gyrus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 7

1. associated w visceral responses and emotions
2. anterior cerebral artery
3. problems w visceral response and emotions

Question 8

Primary auditory cortex. (Transverse temporal gyrus).

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 8

1. hearing
2. middle cerebral artery
3. bilateral hearing deficits

Question 9

Broca’s area.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 9

1. Speech production
2. middle cerebral artery
3. expressive aphasia

Question 10

Wernicke’s area.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 10

1. Receptive speech area
2. middle cerebral artery
3. receptive aphasia - impaired ability to understand and produce intelligible speech

Question 11

Primary olfactory cortex.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 11

1. smell
2. middle cerebral artery (uncus)
3. deficits in smell

Question 12

Hippocampus of temporal lobe.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 12

1. short term memory area
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. loss of short-term memory
   unable to consolidate short term memory into long term memory
   *old memories remain intact

Question 13

Mammillary bodies.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 13

1. relay information from amygdala and hippocampus to thalamus; involved in recollective memory
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. confabulation of memories, Korsakoff’s, obstructive sleep apnea

Question 14

Insula.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 14

1. consciousness, perception, self- awareness, cognitive function
2. middle cerebral artery
3. apathy, loss of emotions, loss of cravings, loss of self

Question 15

Hypothalamus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 15

1. regulation of circadian rhythms, heat, pituitary hormones, hunger
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. deficits in temperature control (hypo/hyperthermia), hunger disregulation, hormone problems

Question 16

Superior colliculus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 16

1. orienting the movements of the head and eye (saccades, tomato-somato reflex, gaze centers)
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. VOR deficits, strabismus

Question 17

Inferior colliculus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 17

1. Receives input from cochlear nuclei and superior olive; preserves tonotopy; spatial map
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. subtle bilateral deficit

Question 18

Lingual gyrus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 18

1. receives visual input from contralateral superior visual field
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. loss of contralateral superior visual field

Question 19

Cuneus gyrus.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 19

1. receives visual input from contralateral inferior visual field
2. posterior cerebral artery
3. loss of contralateral inferior visual field

Question 20

Medial superior olive. (MSO).

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 20

1. localizes sound on the horizontal axis; intraaural time differences for frequencies less than 3000Hz
2. AICA
3. bilateral deficit in localization of sound on horizontal axis

Question 21

Lateral superior olive. (LSO).

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 21

1. localizes sound on the horizontal axis; intraaural intensity differences for frequencies greater than 3000Hz
2. AICA
3. bilateral deficit in localization of sound on horizontal axis

Question 22

Basal ganglia. (Caudate, putamen, GP).

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 22

1. controls proper initiation of movement, suppresses unwanted movement
2. lenticulostriates off of the middle cerebral artery
3. contralateral deficits

Question 23

Substantia nigra.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 23

1. projects dopamine to the striatum to increase motor activity from the thalamus to the cortex
2. not sure
3. parkinson’s symptoms: hypokinetic, resting tremor, rigidity, masked facies, weird gait

Question 24

Superior cerebellar peduncle.

1. What does it do?
2. What arteries supply it?
3. Where does it decussate?
4. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 24

1. corrects/alters movements
2. superior cerebellar artery
3. midbrain
4. . ipsilateral motor deficit below midbrain; bilateral at decussation in midbrain; contralateral motor deficit above midbrain

Question 25

Middle cerebellar peduncle. 1. What does it do? 2. What arteries supply it? 3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 25

1. tells the muscles what they are supposed to do (input from cortex to pontine gray to MCP) 2. AICA 3. ipsilateral motor deficits/incoordination

Question 26

Inferior cerebellar peduncle. 1. What does it do? 2. What arteries supply it? 3. What happens if you damage it?

Answer 26

1. what muscles are doing (receives input from spinal cord, inferior olive, and vestibular nuclei) 2. PICA 3. ipsilateral motor deficits/incoordination

Question 27

Cingulum. 1. What does it do?

Answer 27

1. interconnects prefrontal areas to temporal lobe | allows you to connect the cingulate gyrus (emotions) to areas like the hippocampus (memory)

Question 28

Fornix. 1. What does it do?

Answer 28

1. connects hippocampus to hypothalamus

Question 29

Nucleus accumbens. 1. What does it do? 2. What does it connect?

Answer 29

1. reward area, dopaminergic receiving area | 2. connects putamen to head of caudate

Question 30

Bulging of the uncus may produce what 3 symptoms?

Answer 30

``` anosmia (or olfactory aura) eye down/out/ptosis/dilated (compression of CN3) emotional response (amygdala) ```