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Block 5 Week 6 Meg > Structures of the brain, what artery supplies it, what happens if you damage it > Flashcards

Structures of the brain, what artery supplies it, what happens if you damage it Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. planning and executing a behavioral response to a stimulus
  2. anterior cerebral artery
    middle cerebral artery
  3. R lesion: aprosodia (missing the point)
    L lesion: expressive aphasia (Broca’s area)
    In general, impulsiveness
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2
Q

Parietal lobe.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. Attending to complex stimuli in internal and external environment
  2. anterior cerebral artery
    middle cerebral artery
  3. R lesion: contralateral neglect
    L lesion: receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s area)
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3
Q

Primary motor cortex.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. muscle movement
2. anterior cerebral (hip to feet)
middle cerebral (face, upper body, trunk)
  1. contralateral motor ataxia + hyperreflexia and spasticity
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4
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. sends information from cortex for TVP and Pain and Temp
2. anterior cerebral (hip to feet)
middle cerebral (hip to face)
  1. contralateral loss of sensory perception (TVP and P&T)
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5
Q

Temporal lobe.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. Recognizing things and matching them to a stored template
  2. middle cerebral artery (some posterior cerebral *hippocampus)
  3. R lesion: object agnosia, prosopagnosia
    L lesion: anomia (can’t find the word for an object)
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6
Q

Primary visual cortex.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. vision
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. contralateral visual field deficit w/ macular sparing *may be bilateral if you occlude the posterior cerebral artery
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7
Q

Cingulate gyrus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. associated w visceral responses and emotions
  2. anterior cerebral artery
  3. problems w visceral response and emotions
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8
Q

Primary auditory cortex. (Transverse temporal gyrus).

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. hearing
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. bilateral hearing deficits
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9
Q

Broca’s area.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. Speech production
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. expressive aphasia
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10
Q

Wernicke’s area.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. Receptive speech area
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. receptive aphasia - impaired ability to understand and produce intelligible speech
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11
Q

Primary olfactory cortex.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. smell
  2. middle cerebral artery (uncus)
  3. deficits in smell
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12
Q

Hippocampus of temporal lobe.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. short term memory area
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. loss of short-term memory
    unable to consolidate short term memory into long term memory
    *old memories remain intact
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13
Q

Mammillary bodies.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. relay information from amygdala and hippocampus to thalamus; involved in recollective memory
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. confabulation of memories, Korsakoff’s, obstructive sleep apnea
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14
Q

Insula.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. consciousness, perception, self- awareness, cognitive function
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. apathy, loss of emotions, loss of cravings, loss of self
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15
Q

Hypothalamus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. regulation of circadian rhythms, heat, pituitary hormones, hunger
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. deficits in temperature control (hypo/hyperthermia), hunger disregulation, hormone problems
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16
Q

Superior colliculus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. orienting the movements of the head and eye (saccades, tomato-somato reflex, gaze centers)
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. VOR deficits, strabismus
17
Q

Inferior colliculus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. Receives input from cochlear nuclei and superior olive; preserves tonotopy; spatial map
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. subtle bilateral deficit
18
Q

Lingual gyrus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. receives visual input from contralateral superior visual field
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. loss of contralateral superior visual field
19
Q

Cuneus gyrus.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. receives visual input from contralateral inferior visual field
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. loss of contralateral inferior visual field
20
Q

Medial superior olive. (MSO).

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. localizes sound on the horizontal axis; intraaural time differences for frequencies less than 3000Hz
  2. AICA
  3. bilateral deficit in localization of sound on horizontal axis
21
Q

Lateral superior olive. (LSO).

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. localizes sound on the horizontal axis; intraaural intensity differences for frequencies greater than 3000Hz
  2. AICA
  3. bilateral deficit in localization of sound on horizontal axis
22
Q

Basal ganglia. (Caudate, putamen, GP).

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. controls proper initiation of movement, suppresses unwanted movement
  2. lenticulostriates off of the middle cerebral artery
  3. contralateral deficits
23
Q

Substantia nigra.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. projects dopamine to the striatum to increase motor activity from the thalamus to the cortex
  2. not sure
  3. parkinson’s symptoms: hypokinetic, resting tremor, rigidity, masked facies, weird gait
24
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. Where does it decussate?
  4. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. corrects/alters movements
  2. superior cerebellar artery
  3. midbrain
  4. . ipsilateral motor deficit below midbrain; bilateral at decussation in midbrain; contralateral motor deficit above midbrain
25
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. tells the muscles what they are supposed to do (input from cortex to pontine gray to MCP)
  2. AICA
  3. ipsilateral motor deficits/incoordination
26
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What arteries supply it?
  3. What happens if you damage it?
A
  1. what muscles are doing (receives input from spinal cord, inferior olive, and vestibular nuclei)
  2. PICA
  3. ipsilateral motor deficits/incoordination
27
Q

Cingulum.

  1. What does it do?
A
  1. interconnects prefrontal areas to temporal lobe

allows you to connect the cingulate gyrus (emotions) to areas like the hippocampus (memory)

28
Q

Fornix.

  1. What does it do?
A
  1. connects hippocampus to hypothalamus
29
Q

Nucleus accumbens.

  1. What does it do?
  2. What does it connect?
A
  1. reward area, dopaminergic receiving area

2. connects putamen to head of caudate

30
Q

Bulging of the uncus may produce what 3 symptoms?

A 
anosmia (or olfactory aura)
eye down/out/ptosis/dilated (compression of CN3)
emotional response (amygdala)

Block 5 Week 6 Meg (9 decks)

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