York’s period of ascendance, 1454-1456 Flashcards
Which heir to the Mortimer claim resented being kept out of the King’s inner circle between 1451 and 1453?
Richard of York
Which noble family, alienated by a feud with Somerset and hostile to his Percy allies had become strong Yorkists by the end of 1453?
Nevilles
Who descended into madness in early August 1453 and was completely unresponsive?
Henry VI
Who unsuccessfully attempted to claim the regency on behalf of her new-born son in February 1454?
Queen Margaret
Who was the violent Duke of Exeter that allied with Lord Egremont to undermine York’s rule in May 1454?
Henry Holland
Who was Thomas Percy, the younger son of the Earl of Northumberland, who allied with Exeter against York in 1454?
Lord Egremont
What was the sole English possession in France by 1453, it had a highly trained garrison?
Calais
What office did York grant to himself in 1454 after removing it from Somerset?
Captain of Calais
When did York capture the Duke of Exeter for challenging his first protectorate?
July 1454
Which private feud did Richard of York try to solve in 1454?
Courtenay-Bonville
Where was Exeter and Egremont’s rebel forces defeated by Sir Thomas and Sir John Neville in late October 1454?
Stamford Bridge
Who plotted to kill York during the First Protectorate?
Exeter and Egremont
Who was found at fault in the Courtenay-Bonville feud in 1454, and York then lost his support?
Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon
Who was the Earl of Wiltshire that intervened to support Lord Bonville against Courtenay in 1454?
James Butler
In whose hands were the Calais garrison at the start of the First Protectorate?
Somerset’s deputies (Lords Welles and Rivers)
Who did Richard of York try, unsuccessfully, to put on trial in 1454?
Edmund Beaufort
Which local gentry dispute in Derbyshire did York try to deal with in 1454?
Longford-Blount feud
Whose manor was sacked by his Derbyshire neighbours in 1454?
Sir William Blount
What was the punishment given to the Duke of Exeter and Lord Egremont for their rebellion against the First protectorate?
Fines
Who did York fail to gain support for his cause to reform government in 1454?
The Lords
When did Henry VI descend into a period of madness, leading ultimately to York’s first protectorate?
August 1453
Who successfully opposed York’s planned protectorate but then died in March 1454?
Cardinal Kemp
At the end of which month was Richard of York made protector for the first time?
March 1454
Which ally of York’s became Chancellor of England in April 1454?
Earl of Salisbury
Which son of Henry VI was born in October 1453?
Edward of Wales
When did Richard of York’s first protectorate end?
February 1455
When did Henry VI recover his sanity?
Christmas 1454
Where was a Great Council planned for late May 1455 that the Yorkists feared?
Leicester
Who was immediately restored to favour by Henry VI in early 1455?
Somerset
Where did Yorkist forces apprehend the royal army on 22 May 1455?
St Albans
What was Richard of York’s second period of rule, following his victory at St Albans, lasting from 1455 to 1456?
Second Protectorate
When did Richard of York formally become protector for the second time?
November 1455
Which Yorkist noble cleverly moved through back lanes and gardens at St Albans, catching the royal force by surprise?
Earl of Warwick
What was the First Battle of the Wars of the Roses in 1455, where Somerset and Northumberland were killed?
First Battle of St Albans
Who was captured by Yorkist forces at the First Battle of St Albans?
Henry VI
Which royal favourite was killed at the First Battle of St. Albans on 22 May 1455?
Edmund Beaufort
Who did Parliament declare to blame for the Battle at St Albans in 1455 (along with two other minor household men)?
Somerset
Who did Richard of York make a deal with in order to secure the payment of the garrison at Calais in February 1456?
Merchants of the Staple
Who did York make Captain of Calais in 1455?
Warwick
Who was the Earl of Northumberland who sided with Somerset and was killed fighting alongside him at the First Battle of St Albans?
Henry Percy
Where did Henry Percy’s death have a short-term calming effect during York’s Second Protectorate?
North of England
Which lord, in addition to Somerset and Northumberland, was killed at St Albans?
Lord Clifford
Who was the Duke of Buckingham who fought against York in the First Battle of St Albans but participated in the Second Protectorate?
Humphrey Stafford
Which gentry dispute in the north Midlands was Buckingham able to arbitrate successfully during York’s Second Protectorate?
Vernon-Gresley
What did York give to people other than just those that supported him, which lead to more noble support in later 1455?
Grants
Where were there major disturbances in 1455 due to its gentry being too independent and powerful?
Wales
Who exploited his office in Wales for maximum financial gain and earned out of criminal activities with impunity?
Gruffudd ap Nicholas
Which noble family rampaged through Devon between October and December 1455?
Courtenays
Which servant of Lord Bonville was murdered in October 1455, reigniting the feud between him and Devon?
Nicholas Radford
Where was local violence particularly bad, primarily due to a unresolved feud between Courtenay and Bonville?
Devon
When did Richard of York’s second period as Protector end?
February 1456
With whom was York involved in a diplomatic dispute between May and August 1456 with Henry VI’s support?
James II of Scotland
When was Warwick finally able to take up his post as Captain of Calais?
July 1456
By the end of what month had York’s last appointees to government been removed?
October 1456
At which Great Council in October 1456 were unsuccessful attempts made to put York on trial?
Coventry
