York and Somerset, 1451-1453 Flashcards
Which influential group at the heart of government did Somerset control?
King’s household
Who did the king’s household fear would destroy them if they did not protect Somerset?
Richard of York
Which group favoured Richard of York and was hostile to the household, as demonstrated in 1450?
The ‘mob’
What annual annuity did Queen Margaret personally pay to Edmund Beaufort from November 1451 onwards?
100 marks
Which influential family of later York supporters remained loyal to the court until 1453?
Nevilles
Who, along with the Earl of Devon, was the only significant noble supporter of York before 1453?
Duke of Norfolk
Which loyal supporter of Richard of York was attainted at the Reading parliament in 1453?
Sir William Oldhall
What did much of the nobility think was the nature of York’s quarrel with Somerset despite his protestations?
personal
Who distrusted York’s claim to be speaking for the ‘commonweal’ of the ‘communitas’?
Lords
When did York raise an army from the Welsh border that marched to London against royal orders?
Early 1452
At which place was Richard of York forced to surrender to royal forces in March 1452?
Dartford
Where was York forced to take a humiliating public oath of allegiance to Henry VI after Dartford in 1452?
St Paul’s Cathedral
In the early part of what year did Somerset and Henry VI tour England punishing York’s supporters from the Dartford incident?
1453
When had Somerset been granted the post of Lieutenant of France to replace York?
1447
Which major Norman city did Somerset surrender in October 1449 in order to secure his personal freedom?
Rouen
Who was the third son of Edward III through whom both Henry VI and Somerset could claim descent?
John of Gaunt
Who was the mother of York through which he could claim descent from the second son of Edward III, Lionel of Clarence?
Anne Mortimer
Which supporter of York’s was sent to the Tower in May 1451 for suggesting in parliament that York be formally recognised as Henry VI’s heir?
Thomas Young
How much money was York entitled to in an annual annuity from the exchequer?
£1,000
How much money was Somerset entitled to in an annual annuity from the exchequer?
£2,000
Who held most of the Beaufort lands, leaving Somerset reliant on royal favour?
Margaret Beaufort
How much money was Richard of York owed after spending his own to defend France in the 1440s?
£38,000
How much money had been advanced by the government to Somerset for the defence of France?
£25,000
What did Somerset’s government refuse to accept even though it was done posthumously?
Attainder of Suffolk
What did Somerset do in with the support of King Henry VI in Kent, January 1451?
Punish Jack Cade Rebels
What feud did Somerset temporarily resolve in Coventry, September 1452?
Courtenay-Bonville
Which of ‘Suffolk’s men’ were acquitted and faced no punishment?
Thomas Daniel and John Trevelyan
When did the Somerset-supporting Reading Parliament happen?
March 1453
What type of grant was made in the Reading Parliament showing Somerset’s control?
Taxation
What was the government able block in the Reading parliament?
Petition for reform
What did the government send to Gascony in 1451?
Limited expedition
When was another expedition sent to Gascony after the failures in 1451?
Autumn 1452
Who temporarily recovered Bordeaux for England in 1453?
Earl of Shrewsbury
At what battle were the English finally and permanently defeated in Gascony in July 1453?
Castillon
What was England’s sole surviving possession in France after 1453?
Calais
What formal office was Somerset assigned to in 1451 to York’s great annoyance?
Captain of Calais
Which territory was Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, blamed for losing by 1450?
Normandy
Alleged ‘Mortimer’ associations with the leader of which rebellion had made many suspicious of York?
Jack Cade
What term was used by York to describe the common good?
‘commonweal’
What term was used by York to describe the collective group of the realm?
‘communitas’
With whom, in 1448, was York made a joint trustee for a piece of land in Essex, suggesting at least a working relationship?
Somerset (Edmund Beaufort)
What position held by York from December 1447 prevented him from personally intervening to aid his Norman affinity?
Lieutenant of Ireland
