Yoga & Meditation Flashcards
1
Q
YOGA
A
- mind & body practice involving movement/meditation/breathing techniques
- yoga’s focus on improving self via both physical/mental practices incorporates more mindful elements
2
Q
MEDITATION
A
- umbrella term for diverse practices related to mental training engaging attentional/emotional regulation abilities via self/other guided focus on specific objects/intentions/internal actions/environments
BISHOP ET AL. (2004) - mindfulness meditation = practice of non-judegmental observation of present moment thoughts/emotions/bodysensations w/openness/acceptance
3
Q
MEDITATION TYPES
A
NO ACTIVATION; NO BODY ORIENTATION
- mantra meditation
- affect-centered meditation
ACTIVATION; BODY ORIENTATION
- meditation w/movement
- body-centered meditation
NO ACTIVATION; BODY ORIENTATION
- visual concentration
- contemplation
ACTIVATION; NO BODY ORIENTATION
- mindful observation
4
Q
LUU & HALL
A
- examining acute effects of hatha yoga meditation on executive function
- hatha yoga/meditation had sig positive effect on executive function
5
Q
GOTHE ET AL. (2018)
A
- difs in brain structure & function among yoga practitioners & controls
- 13 experienced yoga practitioners (3+y; x3 p/week; 1+h)
- 13 age & sex-matched controls
- practitioners showed less activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than controls during encoding phase BUT not maintenance/retrieval phases of Sternberg WM task (aka. no dif in task performance (p < .05))
6
Q
FROELINGER, GARLAND & MCCLERNON (2012)
A
- yoga meditation practitioners exhibit greater grey matter volume & fewer reported cognitive failures; preliminary vowel-based morphometric analysis
- similar difs in grey matter volumes seen in yoga mediation (14) & controls (14)
7
Q
VILLEMURE ET AL. (2015)
A
- neuroprotective effects of yoga practice (age-experience & frequency-dependent plasticity)
- 14 experienced practitioners; 14 controls
8
Q
GARNER, REITH & KRICK (2019)
A
- 10-week hatha yoga increases right hippocampal densiy compared to active/passive control groups
- controlled structural cMRI study
9
Q
SIEW & YU (2023)
A
- mindfulness-based randomised controlled trials led to brain structural changes
- anatomical likelihood meta-analysis
- increased grey matter volumes in insula (highly involved in emotion regulation)
10
Q
KRAL ET AL. (2022)
A
- absence of structural brain changes from mindfulness-based stress reduction
- 2 combined randomised controlled trials
- no sig dif between groups in change in right amygdala GMV from baseline (T1) to postintervention period (T2)
- MBSR practice time associated w/reduced right amygdala GMV sig more than practice in HEP active control
11
Q
STRESS REDUCTION
A
- perceived stress = perceptions of psychological pressure
- stress reactivity = physiological arousal (blood preassure & HR)
12
Q
PARK ET AL. (2020)
A
- how does yoga reduce stress?
- clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms
- 12-week weekly at home yoga sessions (90-120 min); completed measures of baseline (T1); 8-week (T2); 12-week (T3)
13
Q
NUGENT ET AL. (2021)
A
- benefits of yoga
- findings from randomised controlled trial of yoga for depression
- 10-week hatha yoga intervention (n = 48) compared to health living workshop (HLW; n = 39) = small BUT sig effects on IL-6 (pooled effect size = .35)
14
Q
HEART RATE VARIABILITY
A
- HR of healthy heart oscilitates spontaneously (ie. shows high HRV) BUT diseased heart shows almost NO variability under certain conditions
15
Q
MAIER & HARE (2017)
A
- heart rate variability & dietary self-regulation
- higher heart-rate variability associated w/ventromedial prefrontal cortext activity & increased resistance to temptation in dietary self-control challenges
