Yearclub revision session Flashcards
what type of developmental delay would autism come under
deviation
what type of virus is measles caused by
RNA virus a Paramyxovirus
kolpik spots and rash starting behind ears
measles
what is caused by togavirus
rubella
rubella is high risk to foetus during what weeks of pregnancy
8-10 weeks gestation
what is the cause of chickenpox
varicella zoster
what can calm the itch of chickenpox
calamine lotion
strawberry tongue is a sign of what
scarlet fever
mumps cause
paramyxovirus
another name for erythema infectiosum
slapped cheek
hand foot and mouth virus
coxsackie virus A16
stridor heard on inspiration
partial upper airway obstruction
stridor heard on expiration
obstruction below level of larynx
1st line croup treatment
oral dexamethasone
severe croup treatment
nebulised adrenaline
thumb print sign on xray
epiglottitis
genetics of CF
autosomal recessive
CFTR gene mutation - chromosome 7
neonates not passing meconium within 24hrs could be sign of CF, true or false
true
slipped upper femoral epiphyses typical patient
obese young (pre-pubescent) boys
CRP levels in transient synovitis of hip
normal
risk factors for DDH
- family history
- downs syndrome
what is perthes disease
avascular necrosis of femoral head
typical perthes disease patient
young active boy
hanging rope sign
perthes disease
transient synovitis of hip follows what?
URTI
treatment of transient synovitis of hip
nothing its self limiting - unless its sepsis!
xray abnormal klein line suggests what
slipped upper femoral epiphyses
what is kocher criteria for
septic arthritis
septic arthritis management
urrent irrigation + debridement
IV antibiotics and cover gram positive (flucloxacillin)
GORD in kids, why
immature lower oesophageal sphincters
what age would you expect GORD to have resolved by
1 year
pyloric stenosis main symptom
projectile vomiting not long after feeding
pyloric stenosis what is going on
progressive hypertrophy of pyloric sphincter muscle leads to gastric obstruction
red current jelly stool
intussusception
malrotation with volvulus sign
green vomit
malrotation with volvulus management
emergency surgery
necrotising enterocolitis sign in stool
blood in stools
lower GI bleed in newborn
necrotising enterocolitis
lower GI bleed in 1 month to a year
intussusception
innocent murmur in baby
- systolic murmur
- venous hum - disappears when child lies down
pathological murmurs in baby
ventricular septal defect presentation
- failure to thrive
- heart failure features such as hepatomegaly, tachypnoea, pallor
- pansystolic murmur
small ventricular septal defect management
if small it may close itself
atrial septal defect
ejection systolic murmur
something else???
coarctation of the aorta presentation in infancy
heart failure
coarctation of the aorta management in neonates
IV prostaglandins
definitive is surgery
patent ductus arteriosus management
indomethacin or ibuprofen
machinery murmur
patent ductus arteriosus
tetralogy of fallot
- ventricular septal defect
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- right ventricular outflow obstruction, pulmonary stenosis
- overriding aorta
duchennes muscular dystrophy what gene
DMD gene is not working correctly
duchennes muscular dystrophy genetics
x linked recessive
febrile convulsions differentials
CNS infections
trauma/NAI
metabolic: low glucose/mg/ca
CNS lesions: brain tumour
jaundice under 24hrs most common cause
ABO incompatibility
jaundice in over 2 weeks old
biliary atresia
pale stool and dark urine (conjugated hyperbilirubin)
3 types of jaundice
pre-hepatic
hepatic
post-hepatic
gilbert’s syndrome
liver is unable to process bilirubin properly.
what condition is biliary atresia associated with
trisomy 21
if mother is rhesus negative and baby is positive, what management is needed
the mum is given anti D immunoglobulin injection
meningitis most common causes
strep pneumonia
H influenzae
N. meningitis
encephalitis triad
fever
headache
altered behaviour
flu like
encephalitis symptoms
lethargy
poor feeding
bulging fontanelle
jaundice
purpuric rash
main virus causing encephalitis
HSV
