Week 1 Flashcards
neonatal head swellings
caput
cephalhaematoma
subgaleal (rare)
why would you measure neonatal head swelling
see if it’s growing
all babies are offered and encouraged to have vitamin k, true or false
true
why is vit k offered to newborns
prophylaxis for haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
which is more effective, IM or oral vitamin k for newborns
IM
what is ATNR
a primitive reflex
it stands for “asymmetrical tonic neck reflex”
reflexes seen in a healthy newborn
ATNR
Moro
Rooting
Sucking
Grasp
what could you be concerned about if red reflex is absent in newborn
cataract
what is kernicterus
a type of brain damage that can result from high levels of bilirubin in a baby’s blood.
should never happen.
is phototherapy for jaundice UV light
no, just blue light
does breastfeeding cause jaundice
no, but it can make it last longer.
baby may be a bit dehydrated before breast milk fully comes in.
when is apgar score usually used
1 and 5 mins after birth
what would an apgar score of 8 or 9 suggest
healthy baby
normal resp rate in a baby
40-60 breaths per min
normal HR in a baby
120-140/min
normal oxygen sats for a full term healthy baby
95-100% (but in the first 10mins they will take a bit of time to adjust to above 90%)
what is tachypnoea a red flag for in a baby
sepsis or cardiac problem
CNS infections in a baby
meningitis
encephalitis
an example of a gastrointestinal infection in a baby
necrotising enterocolitis (not seen so much in a term baby though)
what is the most common bacterial infection in neonatal sepsis
group B strep
what antibiotics are used together to treat group B strep sepsis
benzylpenicillin and gentamicin
what bug causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
what condition in babies is due to delay in clearing lung fluid
transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN)
how long does transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) take to resolve
within 24hrs
causes of pneumothorax in a baby
- spontaneous (consequence of the birth process)
- resuscitation
- infection
- meconium aspiration
- surfactant deficiency
management of a small pneumothorax in a baby
- conservative
- or chest drain insertion if mediastinum is pushed to one side (tension pneumothorax)
management of a large pneumothorax in a baby
chest drain
why is respiratory distress syndrome more common in preterm babies?
because it is due to surfactant deficiency, and surfactant is produced late on in pregnancy)
respiratory distress syndrome appearance on CXR
ground glass appearance and air bronchograms
what is the difference of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) on a CXR?
in RDS you can see air bronchograms on CXR
at what point in gestation is meconium aspiration syndrome more common
later (weeks 37-41??)
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome treatment
supportive - ventilation, cardiovascular system and antibiotics
true or false, some babies with meconium aspiration syndrome have Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
true
what is Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
multi organ damage due to tissue hypoxia
