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GCSE Physics Yr 10 > Year 9 work > Flashcards

Year 9 work Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Thermal energy?

A

The energy a substance or an object stores because of its temperature e.g. a car engine or lava

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1
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

All moving things store a kinetic energy e.g a helicopter/dog

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2
Q

What is elastic potential energy?

A

The energy stored in a springy object when you stretch or squash it e.g a hairband or spring.

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3
Q

What is gravitational potential energy?

A

The energy stored in an object because of its position e.g. a stack of cards or a bungee jumper.

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4
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Fuel (battery,food,wood,muscles,petrol.)

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5
Q

What is Magnetic energy?

A

Magnets

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6
Q

What are the four transfers of energy?

A

Mechanical working (a force or sound waves)
Electrical working (involving a current through a wire)
Heating by particles (conduction or convection.)
Heating by radiation (light waves/infared)

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7
Q

What is the rule for energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but transferred.

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8
Q

An open system..?

A

Can gain or loose energy to the ‘outside world’

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9
Q

Is the energy stored in a battery stored in what energy store?

A

Chemical

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10
Q

When a ball is thrown in the air, it goes from its kinetic energy store to…?

A

Gravitational potential energy store.

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11
Q

How is energy transferred away from a light bulb?

A

Via light and heat.

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12
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms (kg)

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13
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons (n)

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14
Q

What is the formula for weight?

A

W = mg

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15
Q

What is the gravitational field strength of the moon?

A

1.6 N/kg

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16
Q

What determines the strength of the gravitational force of attraction?

A

The distance between the objects and the mass of the objects.

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17
Q

Is weight a force?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is conduction?

A

Vibrating particles that transfer energy to neighboring particles

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19
Q

How does conduction work?

A
  1. As one end of a solid object is heated, energy is transferred to the kinetic energy stores of the particles in that end.
  2. This causes the particles to vibrate faster, and so they collide with their neighboring particles more often.
  3. As the collisions transfer kinetic energy, their neighbors also vibrate faster and collide more often with their neighbors.
  4. This process repeats over and over again so that energy is effectively passed along the object from one particle to the next.
  5. Even though its kinetic energy being transferred, we say that the object as a whole its heat/ thermal energy being transferred.
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20
Q

Which type of materials have a higher thermal conductivity?

A

Metals

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21
Q

Where does thermal conductivity take place in?

A

Solids

22
Q

What takes place in fluids ( gas or liquid)

A

Convection

23
Q

What is a fluid?

A

A substance in which particles are free to move around.

24
Q

What is convection?

A

When heat is transferred through liquids or gasses.

25
Q

How does convection work?

A
  1. As fluid is heated the particles gain kinetic energy and spread further apart.
  2. This caused the fluid to become less dense and so it will rise above any cooler fluid that hasn’t been heated (because that fluid is more dense)
  3. As the fluid cools down it will become more dense again and so sink back down.
    4.If this process takes place in a limited space, like a container room, it can create a convection current.
26
Q

What is infared radiation?

A

It is a form of electromagnetic radiation and can travel through a vacuum. hotter objects emit more infared radiation.

27
Q

Why do warm fluids rise?

A

Because they are less dense than cooler fluids.

28
Q

What helps minimise convection?

A

Foam seals around windows and doors.

29
Q

What helps minimise conduction?

A

Double glazed windows, cavity walls and walls made of a material with low thermal conductivity.

30
Q

What is the purpose of putting insulating foam in cavity walls?

A

To minimize air convection currents

31
Q

What is friction?

A

The resistance that an object encounters when moving across a solid or moving through a liquid

32
Q

Whats the difference between single and double glazing?

A

Single glazed windows only have one pane of glass, whereas double glazed windows have two panes of glass. Both panes of glass reduce heat loss by convection.
Double glazed windows are usually better as there is a small air gap between the two panes of glass, which minimizes conduction too.

33
Q

Why does a cavity wall insulation contain pockets of trapped air?

A

Air is a good insulator.

34
Q

What does resolution mean?

A

Resolution is the smallest difference that gives a change to the reading; e.g the resolution of a wall clock would be seconds as it is the smallest reading you can get from it.

35
Q

More decimal points means what?

A

A higher resolution

36
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

An energy source that is replenished as quickly as it is used. For example, solar energy is renewable.

37
Q

What is non- renewable energy?

A

It is a resource that isn’t being replenished and so has a limited supply. For example, fossil fuels like coal are non renewable, because at some point it could run out, and it is not being replenished.

38
Q

What are the avantages of wind power?

A

Renewable, cost affective, good in remote areas, efficient, economical, job offers.

39
Q

Disadvantages of wind power?

A

Noisy, potentially dangerous to some wildlife, ugly to look at and so many people refuse to have one near their homes, unreliable (wind can come and go)

40
Q

Advantages of solar power?

A

Reduces electricity bills, renewable, more jobs, minimal maintenance, sun is everywhere.

41
Q

Disadvantages of solar power

A

Weather dependent, expensive, uses a-lot of space.

42
Q

Advantages of fossil fuels?

A

Easy to store and transport, cheap, more relaiable,

43
Q

Disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A

Pollute environment, non renewable, they can be dangerous, pollutes water and air,

44
Q

Advantages of nuclear power

A

Small land footprint, high power output, zero emission energy source, cheap

45
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Uranium is non renewable, lots of nuclear waste, incredibly dangerous and expensive if there are malfunctions, if plant is shut down it takes many years for it to be clean from nuclear waste.

46
Q

Advantages of geothermal

A

Renewable ,small land footprint, long lasting, reliable

47
Q

Disadvantages of geothermal energy

A

Very location dependent, high initial costs, can lead to surface instability.

48
Q

What is the apparatus for the insulation pratical?

A

4 lids to fit the beakers
4 glass beakers
4 thermometers
6 insulation strips
200ml hot water
Elastic bands(5-8)
4 timers
2 heatproof mats.

49
Q

What is the independent variable for the insulation practical ?

A

The number of layers put around the beaker.

50
Q

What is the dependent variable for the insulation practical ?

A

The change in temperature as the time goes on.

51
Q

What is the control variable for the insulation practical?

A

The starting temperature of the hot water in the beakers.
The volume of water in each beaker

52
Q

What is the method for the insulation pratical?

A

1.Set up apparatus as shown in diagram ( diagram consists of 4 beakers wrapped in different number or insulation, one with none and the 4th with three, filled with 200ml hot water, a thermometer and 4 timers and 4 lids)
2. Brung 800ml water to boil in a kettle. Once boiled, pour 200 ml into the beaker with no insulation and then use that beaker to pour hot water into the others with insulation. This is to create a fair test as all beakers have the exact same amount if water in them.
3. Choose a starting temperature for all your beakers to start at; e.g. if the temp is 97 degreed then start the timer when the temps hit 95 degrees.
4. Record each temperature every minute, ensuring each lid is fastened tightly as shown in apparatus. Record results for 20 minutes.
5. Once complete, repeat again to ensure accurate results and and tidy equipment.

53
Q

Infrared is absorbed by? Does it get warmer or colder?

A

Blacks and dark colors. Absorbed and emitted, meaning thermal energy is lost from the water.
GETS COLDER.

GCSE Physics Yr 10 (8 decks)

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