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Science > year 9 science exam revision > Flashcards

year 9 science exam revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The Scientific Method

A
  1. Research Question
  2. Research
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment (create experiment)
  5. Discussion (analyse results)
  6. Conclusion (state whether hypothesis is supported or not)
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2
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is changed to affect the dependent variable.

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3
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The Variable that is being measured and tested.

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4
Q

Validity

A

How the Data truly represents and relates to claims and the investigation.

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5
Q

Accuracy

A

The closeness of a measured value to a value

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6
Q

Precision

A

The closeness between 2 measurements

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7
Q

Replication

A

The duplication of experiments so that it can be run more than once at the same time

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8
Q

Reliability

A

How reliable and experiment is. Reliability can be increased through replication.

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9
Q

Control

A

Something that is kept the same

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10
Q

Systematic Error

A

Systematic errors are errors caused by an inaccuracy in the observation or the measurement process which is due to the system.

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11
Q

Gross error

A

a human error or a random error that. cannot be prevented

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12
Q

Autotrophs (producers)

A

Autotrophs produce food sources. They are essential in every ecosystem.

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13
Q

Heterotrophs (consumers)

A

Require a ready made source of food

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14
Q

Decomposers

A

Breaks down dead bodies and waste for producers.

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15
Q

Carrion

A

Dead or rotten flesh.

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16
Q

Detritus

A

Waste products.

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17
Q

Photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2

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18
Q

Cellular respiration(aerobic)

A

C6H12O6 + 6H2O = 6CO2 + 6H2O + (36-38) ATP

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19
Q

Cellular respiration(anaerobic)

A

C6H12O6 = 2C3H6O3 + (2) ATP

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Where the body is able to maintain an equal and stable internal environment.

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21
Q

Endocrine System

A

A Communication system that controls the internal environment of the body. It controls=
Hormones
Glands

22
Q

Hormones

A

Hormones are chemical substances that act as messages. Travels through blood.

23
Q

Abiotic

A

non-living factors of an ecosystem environment

24
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors include dead organisms and their wastes

25
Q

Ectothermic

A

coldblooded

26
Q

Endothermic

A

birds and mammals

27
Q

Energy in ecosystems

A

producer 100% e –> 1st consumer 10 % —> 2nd consumer 1% –> 0.1% 3rd consumer tertiary.
energy is lost inorder to grow, metabolism and for heat. Which is why a 3rd order consumer has to eat a lot.

28
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

The chemicals that are released during synapses which carry messages.

29
Q

Neurons

A
  • Are nerve cells that transmit electrical messages from the body. Electrical impulses are called nerve impulses, they go 1 direction.
30
Q

Motor neurons

A

carry messages from CNS to effectors.

31
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Have specialised receptors for senses

32
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive information

33
Q

Axon terminals

A

can connect to a muscle or a sensory receptor. sends info.

34
Q

Atidiactic hormone (ADH)

A

controls water levels

35
Q

Pancreas gland

A

produces insulin+glucose, controls glucose levels.

36
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Adrenaline. Flight or fight response.

37
Q

Ovaries (female)

A

controls female sexual gland and menstrual gland

38
Q

Progesterone

A

controls ovaries during pregnancy

39
Q

testes

A

produces testosterone.

40
Q

Thyroid

A

produces thyroxin which controls the rate of chemical reactions in a cell.

41
Q

Cerebellum

A

Small lump at the back. Responsible for coordination and balance.

42
Q

Right Cerebrum

A

Visual processing and creative side. Left hand

43
Q

Left Cerebrum

A

Logical and mathematical thinking. Right hand.

44
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Acts as a reflex centre for nerves. Caries information to the rest of the body.

45
Q

The medulla

A

contains our vitals.

46
Q

Brainstem

A

controls message transfers.

47
Q

Isotopes

A

Isotopes of an Element share the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

48
Q

Radiation

A

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles

49
Q

Radioactivity

A

emmission of particles and electromagnetic radiation.

50
Q

Covalent bonding

A

Non-metal + Non-metal.
single molecules that share electrons between 2 or more non-metals. Can sometimes make a lattice (diamond) but mostly small compounds and molecules. Low MP + BP

51
Q

Metallic bonding

A

Metal + Metal.
Arranged in a lattice. the electrons become delocalised which means they are free to roam around the metal atoms. The delocalised atoms are held together. by electrostatic attraction. High MP

52
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Metal + Non-metal.
metal is cation, donates electrons. non-metal is anion.
Ionic lattice is made of alternating cations and anions.
High MP. When solid cant conduct electricity. When dissolved in water or liquid yes.

Science (7 decks)

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