Chemistry 2.0

Question 1

Isotopes

Answer 1

Isotopes of an Element share the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Question 2

Radiation

Answer 2

the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles

Question 3

Molecular

Answer 3

relating to or consisting of molecules.

Question 4

stable

Answer 4

Where the protons and neutrons held together strongly, with a strong nuclear force Usually with a full outer shell.

Question 5

unstable

Answer 5

Where protons and neutrons are not held together strongly.

Question 6

radioisotopes

Answer 6

Radioisotopes are isotopes where its protons and neutrons are not held together strongly. They decay into other elements by releasing particles, which causes radiation.

Question 7

Nuclear Radiation

Answer 7

Nuclear Radiation is the emission of particles and electromagnetic waves.

Question 8

Alpha Particles

Answer 8

Alpha particles are particles emitted from the nucleus of an atom. They consist of two protons and two neutrons, essentially a helium nucleus.

Question 9

Beta Particles

Answer 9

Beta particles are particles that are emitted from the nucleus of an atom. They have the same mass and size as an electron.

Question 10

Gamma rays

Answer 10

Gamma rays are rays emitted from the nucleus after alpha, or beta decay. Gamma rays can penetrate almost anything and can only be stopped by a thick sheet of lead. Gamma radiation is very dangerous. Gamma rays are not particles.

Question 11

Half-Life

Answer 11

The half-life is the time it takes for half of the nuclei of an atom to decay.

Question 12

cosmic radiation

Answer 12

cosmic radiation is the radiation that comes from outer space. They are mostly in the form of high-energy protons from stars and suns.

Question 13

Radiometric dating

Answer 13

Radiometric dating is a technique used to record how old a sample from an archaeological site. It uses a naturally occurring radioisotope to measure its age.

Question 14

Radiocarbon dating

Answer 14

Radiocarbon dating is radiometric dating with the isotopes of carbon.

Question 15

Nuclear reactors

Answer 15

Nuclear reactors are basically generators that use the isotopes of uranium to create electricity. They do this by a process called nuclear fission, which creates heat that causes water to boil, the steam drives the turbines which creates electricity.

Question 16

Fuel rods

Answer 16

Fuel rods are rods that contain uranium dioxide which is sealed in.

Question 17

fission

Answer 17

Nuclear fission is where neutrons are fired at a radioactive element, causing it to split and form two new elements, this releases neutrons radiation and heat.

Question 18

external radiotherapy

Answer 18

External radiotherapy is where they direct radiation to the treatment area by a machine.

Question 19

internal radiotherapy

Answer 19

Internal radiotherapy or brachytherapy is where they place a radioisotope inside the body or near itself.

Question 20

Meltdown

Answer 20

A meltdown is where the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor melts due to extreme heat.

Question 21

ground zero

Answer 21

Ground zero is the centre of the nuclear blast.

Question 22

thermal flash

Answer 22

The thermal flash is the enormous amounts of heat and radiation spread out from the centre of the blast.

Question 23

electromagnetic pulse

Answer 23

An electromagnetic pulse is a burst of energy in the form of gamma rays which is extremely harmful to all electrical systems.

Question 24

nuclear fallout

Answer 24

Nuclear fallout is the radioactive nuclei formed during the nuclear reactions, as well as tonnes of dust are blasted to atmosphere high. In the following weeks, increasing background radioactivity.

Question 25

chemical reactions

Answer 25

Chemical reactions are a process which involves the rearrangement of the molecular structure, by breaking bonds and creating new ones, creating different chemical properties.

Question 26

Exothermic

Answer 26

Exothermic is when energy and heat is being produced or released by something,

Question 27

Endothermic

Answer 27

Endothermic is where energy and heat are being absorbed and gets cold.

Question 28

Precipitate

Answer 28

The precipitate is the insoluoble solid that is formed when two soluble substances are mixed.

Question 29

Reactant /reagent

Answer 29

The reactant or the reagent is the input substance or chemical in a chemical reaction.

Question 30

Products

Answer 30

The products are the produce or the new substances formed after a chemical reaction.

Question 31

Synthesis/Combination reactions

Answer 31

Synthesis or combination reactions are reactions that involve multiple reactants forming a single product. e.g 2 H2(g) + O2(g) = 2 H2O(g)

Question 32

Decomposition reactions.

Answer 32

Decomposition reactions are the exact opposite of synthesis/combination reactions. it involves one reactant being split into several products.

Question 33

Combustion reactions

Answer 33

Combustion reactions are reactions that involve carbon and hydrogen atoms reacting with oxygen atoms creating carbon dioxide and water vapour. Combustion is an exothermic reaction.

Question 34

Single displacement reactions

Answer 34

Single displacement reactions are reactions that involve elements of a pure substance replaces those of an element in a chemical compound. The pure element is usually a metal. e.g. 2 Al(s) + 3 CuSO4(aq) = Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3 Cu(s)

Question 35

Double displacement/ Precipitation reactions.

Answer 35

These reactions are where elements from two compounds switch to form two new compounds, usually with two cations switching spots in an ionic compound.

Question 36

Acid-Base/Neutralisation reactions.

Answer 36

These reactions are the same as double displacement reactions except it produces water and salt.

Question 37

Acid-Carbonate reactions.

Answer 37

Acid-carbonate reactions occur when an acid and carbonates or hydrogen carbonates react with each another. This produces salt carbon dioxide and water.

Question 38

Acid-Metal reactions.

Answer 38

Acid metal reactions occur acids react with metal to form hydrogen gas and salt.

Question 39

Salts

Answer 39

Salts are made of a metal and a non-metal | e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride, copper sulfate and calcium chloride.

Question 40

Oxidation

Answer 40

Oxidation is a process where electrons are lost and oxygen is gained to a metal. Combustion is a notable form of oxidation and so is corrosion.

Question 41

Corrosion reactions

Answer 41

corrosion reactions are reactions that corrode or oxides metal by a reaction with air and water. This creates rust,t tarnishes and verdigris.

Question 42

Word equation.

Answer 42

A chemical reaction represented with words

Question 43

Formula equation.

Answer 43

A chemical reaction represented by chemical symbols.

Question 44

Molecular structure.

Answer 44

A chemical reaction represented by molecular images