Year 9 Coasts Revision

Question 1

Destructive Waves

Answer 1

Weak swash and strong backwash - pulls sand and pebbles off the beach (erosion)
Steep, high waves that are close together
Come into the coast quickly
Creates a steep beach

Question 2

Constructive Waves

Answer 2

Strong swash and weak backwash - build up the beach (deposition)
low waves, more gently sloping with longer gap between them
gentle beach

Question 3

Hydraulic Action (erosion)

Answer 3

Water is forced into cracks in the rock, in compressed (squashed) and forces the rock apart

Question 4

Abrasion (erosion)

Answer 4

Loose rocks are thrown

against the cliff wearing away at the rock like sandpaper

Question 5

Attrition (erosion)

Answer 5

Loose rocks are swirled round and are worn into smaller, rounder pieces.

Question 6

Solution (erosion)

Answer 6

Seawater dissolves materials from the rock

Question 7

Suspension (transportation)

Answer 7

Fine sediment is carried along in suspension in the water

Question 8

Solution (transportation)

Answer 8

Dissolved materials are carried along in solution - you can’t see it

Question 9

Traction (transportation)

Answer 9

Large pebbles and cobbles are rolled along the seabed

Question 10

Saltation (transportation)

Answer 10

Small pebbles are moved when one pebble hits another, causing it to bounce.

Question 11

4 types of erosion

Answer 11

Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

Question 12

4 types of transportation

Answer 12

Suspension
Solution
traction
Saltation

Question 13

Longshore drift

Answer 13

Transports sediment along the beach in a zig zag route.
the wind blows towards the land at an angle (this is called the prevailing wind direction)
It causes the waves to approach the beach at a slight angle. as they break, the swash carries material up the beach at an angle. Gravity causes the material to be carried straight back down the beach.

Question 14

Formation of caves, arches, stacks and stumps.

Answer 14

1. A large crack appears, opened up by hydraulic action.
2. The crack grows into a crave by hydraulic action and abrasion.
   3, The cave becomes larger
3. The cave breaks through the headland forming a natural arch
4. The arch is eroded and collapses. This leaves a tall stack.
5. the stack is eroded forming a stump.

Question 15

Causes of coastal erosion on the Holderness Coastline.

Answer 15

Powerful destructive waves caused by strong wind and long fetch
Cliffs made of soft boulder clay
Eroded material is transported out to sea meaning the beaches are small.
Sea defences along the cast have made the problem worse I some areas.

Question 16

effects of coastal erosion

Answer 16

Building close to the cliff edge are at risk of falling into the sea (houses, hotels, farms) and they will not be compensated for this.
Loss of diversity in wildlife due to lack of sediment
Easington gas terminal is close to the sea - supplies the county with energy
the value of people’s homes are decreasing as nobody wants to live there
Businesses are a risk of losing money

Question 17

Fastest eroding coastline in England

Answer 17

Holderness coastline