Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

How a substance behaves when it undergoes a chemical reaction

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2
Q

Give an example of a chemical property

A

How a substance reacts with water

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3
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Properties of a substance you can observe

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4
Q

Give two examples of physical properties

A

Hardness and melting point

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5
Q

What is a group in the periodic table?

A

A vertical column

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6
Q

What is a period in the periodic table?

A

A row of elements

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7
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom

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8
Q

What is a proton?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

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9
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1

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10
Q

What is an electron?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of -1 and a relative mass of 0.0005

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11
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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12
Q

What are group 1 elements also known as?

A

The alkali metals

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13
Q

What increases as you go down group 1?

A

Reactivity

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14
Q

How do group 1 elements react with water?

A

Rigorously

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15
Q

What does K + H2O make?

A

KOH + H2

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16
Q

What is group 7 also known as?

A

The halogens

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17
Q

What decreases as you go down group 7?

A

Reactivity

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18
Q

What happens in displacement reactions?

A

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen

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19
Q

What does KI + Cl2 make?

A

KCl +I2

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20
Q

What is Group 0 also known as?

A

The noble gases

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21
Q

What increases as you go down group 0?

A

Boiling points

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22
Q

Why do group 0 elements not react?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

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23
Q

What type of compounds do transition metals form?

A

Coloured compounds

24
Q

What are transition metals useful as?

25
What can transition metals form?
Ions with different charges
26
Are transition metals more or less reactive than group 1?
Less
27
What order are elements in the modern periodic table placed in?
Order of increasing atomic number
28
Who created the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
29
How did Dmitri Mendeleev create the periodic table?
He ordered the elements in increasing atomic weight and left gaps for elements that had not been discovered yet
30
Atom definition
The smallest part of an element that can exist.
31
Compound definition
Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
32
Mixture definition
Two or more elements not chemically combined.
33
Filtration deinition
A process to separate solids and liquids.
34
Distillation definition
A process to separate substances with different boiling points by evaporating and condensing.
35
Chemical reaction definition
A reaction that involves the formation of new elements or compounds.
36
Physical reaction definition
A reaction where a substance changes state.
37
Atomic number definition
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
38
True or False: Elements are arranged in order of increasing mass number in the periodic table.
False - Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in the periodic table.
39
Mass number definition
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
40
On the periodic table, which number shows the relative atomic mass of an element?
The top number
41
On the periodic table, which number show the atomic number of an element?
The bottom number
42
Which subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?
Protons and neutrons
43
What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the first shell?
2
44
What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the second shell?
8
45
What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the third shell?
8
46
What charges do protons, neutrons and electrons have?
Protons = +1 Neutrons = 0 Electrons = -1
47
What relative masses do protons, neutrons and electrons have?
Protons = 1 Neutrons = 1 Electrons = 0.0005
48
Who created the plum pudding model?
JJ Thomson
49
Who created the nuclear model?
Ernest Rutherford
50
Who created the Bohr model?
Niels Bohr
51
True or False: Salt is the solute if you dissolve it in water.
True
52
Describe how to obtain sodium chloride crystals from sodium chloride solution by crystallisation.
Heat it up and leave it to cool.
53
What is distillation used for?
Separating a mixture of liquids.
54
Why do we draw the line in pencil in chromatography?
Pencil is insoluble in water.
55