Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What is a chemical property?

Answer 1

How a substance behaves when it undergoes a chemical reaction

Question 2

Give an example of a chemical property

Answer 2

How a substance reacts with water

Question 3

What are physical properties?

Answer 3

Properties of a substance you can observe

Question 4

Give two examples of physical properties

Answer 4

Hardness and melting point

Question 5

What is a group in the periodic table?

Answer 5

A vertical column

Question 6

What is a period in the periodic table?

Answer 6

A row of elements

Question 7

What are valence electrons?

Answer 7

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom

Question 8

What is a proton?

Answer 8

A subatomic particle with a charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

Question 9

What is a neutron?

Answer 9

A subatomic particle with a charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1

Question 10

What is an electron?

Answer 10

A subatomic particle with a charge of -1 and a relative mass of 0.0005

Question 11

What are isotopes?

Answer 11

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 12

What are group 1 elements also known as?

Answer 12

The alkali metals

Question 13

What increases as you go down group 1?

Answer 13

Reactivity

Question 14

How do group 1 elements react with water?

Answer 14

Rigorously

Question 15

What does K + H2O make?

Answer 15

KOH + H2

Question 16

What is group 7 also known as?

Answer 16

The halogens

Question 17

What decreases as you go down group 7?

Answer 17

Reactivity

Question 18

What happens in displacement reactions?

Answer 18

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen

Question 19

What does KI + Cl2 make?

Answer 19

KCl +I2

Question 20

What is Group 0 also known as?

Answer 20

The noble gases

Question 21

What increases as you go down group 0?

Answer 21

Boiling points

Question 22

Why do group 0 elements not react?

Answer 22

They have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 23

What type of compounds do transition metals form?

Answer 23

Coloured compounds

Question 24

What are transition metals useful as?

Answer 24

Catalysts

Question 25

What can transition metals form?

Answer 25

Ions with different charges

Question 26

Are transition metals more or less reactive than group 1?

Answer 26

Less

Question 27

What order are elements in the modern periodic table placed in?

Answer 27

Order of increasing atomic number

Question 28

Who created the periodic table?

Answer 28

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 29

How did Dmitri Mendeleev create the periodic table?

Answer 29

He ordered the elements in increasing atomic weight and left gaps for elements that had not been discovered yet

Question 30

Atom definition

Answer 30

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

Question 31

Compound definition

Answer 31

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

Question 32

Mixture definition

Answer 32

Two or more elements not chemically combined.

Question 33

Filtration deinition

Answer 33

A process to separate solids and liquids.

Question 34

Distillation definition

Answer 34

A process to separate substances with different boiling points by evaporating and condensing.

Question 35

Chemical reaction definition

Answer 35

A reaction that involves the formation of new elements or compounds.

Question 36

Physical reaction definition

Answer 36

A reaction where a substance changes state.

Question 37

Atomic number definition

Answer 37

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 38

True or False: Elements are arranged in order of increasing mass number in the periodic table.

Answer 38

False - Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in the periodic table.

Question 39

Mass number definition

Answer 39

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 40

On the periodic table, which number shows the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 40

The top number

Question 41

On the periodic table, which number show the atomic number of an element?

Answer 41

The bottom number

Question 42

Which subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?

Answer 42

Protons and neutrons

Question 43

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the first shell?

Answer 43

2

Question 44

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the second shell?

Answer 44

8

Question 45

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the third shell?

Answer 45

8

Question 46

What charges do protons, neutrons and electrons have?

Answer 46

Protons = +1 Neutrons = 0 Electrons = -1

Question 47

What relative masses do protons, neutrons and electrons have?

Answer 47

Protons = 1 Neutrons = 1 Electrons = 0.0005

Question 48

Who created the plum pudding model?

Answer 48

JJ Thomson

Question 49

Who created the nuclear model?

Answer 49

Ernest Rutherford

Question 50

Who created the Bohr model?

Answer 50

Niels Bohr

Question 51

True or False: Salt is the solute if you dissolve it in water.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Describe how to obtain sodium chloride crystals from sodium chloride solution by crystallisation.

Answer 52

Heat it up and leave it to cool.

Question 53

What is distillation used for?

Answer 53

Separating a mixture of liquids.

Question 54

Why do we draw the line in pencil in chromatography?

Answer 54

Pencil is insoluble in water.