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Chemistry > Atomic structure and the periodic table > Flashcards

Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

How a substance behaves when it undergoes a chemical reaction

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2
Q

Give an example of a chemical property

A

How a substance reacts with water

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3
Q

What are physical properties?

A

Properties of a substance you can observe

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4
Q

Give two examples of physical properties

A

Hardness and melting point

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5
Q

What is a group in the periodic table?

A

A vertical column

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6
Q

What is a period in the periodic table?

A

A row of elements

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7
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom

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8
Q

What is a proton?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1

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9
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of 0 and a relative mass of 1

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10
Q

What is an electron?

A

A subatomic particle with a charge of -1 and a relative mass of 0.0005

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11
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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12
Q

What are group 1 elements also known as?

A

The alkali metals

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13
Q

What increases as you go down group 1?

A

Reactivity

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14
Q

How do group 1 elements react with water?

A

Rigorously

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15
Q

What does K + H2O make?

A

KOH + H2

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16
Q

What is group 7 also known as?

A

The halogens

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17
Q

What decreases as you go down group 7?

A

Reactivity

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18
Q

What happens in displacement reactions?

A

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen

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19
Q

What does KI + Cl2 make?

A

KCl +I2

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20
Q

What is Group 0 also known as?

A

The noble gases

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21
Q

What increases as you go down group 0?

A

Boiling points

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22
Q

Why do group 0 elements not react?

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons

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23
Q

What type of compounds do transition metals form?

A

Coloured compounds

24
Q

What are transition metals useful as?

A

Catalysts

25
Q

What can transition metals form?

A

Ions with different charges

26
Q

Are transition metals more or less reactive than group 1?

A

Less

27
Q

What order are elements in the modern periodic table placed in?

A

Order of increasing atomic number

28
Q

Who created the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

29
Q

How did Dmitri Mendeleev create the periodic table?

A

He ordered the elements in increasing atomic weight and left gaps for elements that had not been discovered yet

30
Q

Atom definition

A

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

31
Q

Compound definition

A

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.

32
Q

Mixture definition

A

Two or more elements not chemically combined.

33
Q

Filtration deinition

A

A process to separate solids and liquids.

34
Q

Distillation definition

A

A process to separate substances with different boiling points by evaporating and condensing.

35
Q

Chemical reaction definition

A

A reaction that involves the formation of new elements or compounds.

36
Q

Physical reaction definition

A

A reaction where a substance changes state.

37
Q

Atomic number definition

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

38
Q

True or False: Elements are arranged in order of increasing mass number in the periodic table.

A

False - Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in the periodic table.

39
Q

Mass number definition

A

The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.

40
Q

On the periodic table, which number shows the relative atomic mass of an element?

A

The top number

41
Q

On the periodic table, which number show the atomic number of an element?

A

The bottom number

42
Q

Which subatomic particles does the nucleus contain?

A

Protons and neutrons

43
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the first shell?

A

2

44
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the second shell?

A

8

45
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons allowed on the third shell?

A

8

46
Q

What charges do protons, neutrons and electrons have?

A

Protons = +1
Neutrons = 0
Electrons = -1

47
Q

What relative masses do protons, neutrons and electrons have?

A

Protons = 1
Neutrons = 1
Electrons = 0.0005

48
Q

Who created the plum pudding model?

A

JJ Thomson

49
Q

Who created the nuclear model?

A

Ernest Rutherford

50
Q

Who created the Bohr model?

A

Niels Bohr

51
Q

True or False: Salt is the solute if you dissolve it in water.

A

True

52
Q

Describe how to obtain sodium chloride crystals from sodium chloride solution by crystallisation.

A

Heat it up and leave it to cool.

53
Q

What is distillation used for?

A

Separating a mixture of liquids.

54
Q

Why do we draw the line in pencil in chromatography?

A

Pencil is insoluble in water.

55
Q
A

Chemistry (4 decks)

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