Year 9 AP1

Question 0

What can you and can’t you control about your metabolic rate?

Answer 0

Can control:
Exercise
Eat more/less
Rest temperature

Can't control:
Genetics
Certain medical conditions
Age
Growth
Cholesterol production
Basic metabolic rate
Amount of fat tissue

Question 1

What are the 7 nutrients? Give examples and what they do.

Answer 1

Protein - e.g. Meat, fish etc. - Build tissue
Carbohydrates:
Sugar - e.g. Cake etc. - For energy
Starch - e.g. Bread, pasta, rice etc. - For energy
Fats - e.g. Cheese, milk etc. - Stored energy
Vitamins e.g. A for vision, B for energy, C to keep skin healthy, D to help bones and teeth etc. - Fresh fruit and vegetables - Helps body work and helps concentrations
Minerals e.g. Calcium to strengthen bones, Iodine for energy production, Iron prevents fatigue etc. - Fresh fruit and vegetables - Helps release energy and helps decision making
Water - Maintains fluid levels
Fibre - Fresh fruit, vegetables and whole grain cereal - Helps digestion

Question 2

What does malnourished mean?

Answer 2

Lack of ANY key nutrients or food groups.

Question 3

What’s is your basic metabolic rate?

Answer 3

This is how much energy you use each day just by being alive.

Question 4

What is a pathogen, what are the three different kinds and what do they do?

Answer 4

A pathogen is anything that cause disease by infection. 
Bacteria:
Live everywhere
Rapidly reproduce
A few use toxins to harm us
Most are harmless
Virus:
Tiny life forms that live in other cells
Rapidly reproduce until they destroy the cell they are in then move on
Fungi:
Big cells (same size roughly as ours)
Secrete enzymes to digest stuff around them which they take in and use
Some can live on or in us
Usually look like a rise.

Question 5

What are the 4 first lines of defence and what are their purposes?

Answer 5

The skin - Solid barrier, it’s acidic so hard for bacteria to grow
Mucas membranes - e.g. Nose and mouth, physical barrier, covered in saliva etc., full of enzymes to attack bacteria
Ciliates cells - Pushes mucas (containing bacteria) up and out of the body, protects lungs
Stomach acid - Burns up swallowed bacteria, breaks down protein

Question 6

What are the two types of white blood cells (internal defences) and what do they do?

Answer 6

Phagocyte:
Consumes bacteria that gets into blood, digested by enzymes in cell and used for spare parts
Lymphocyte:
Produces antibodies and antitoxins, small Y-shaped chemicals, stick to specific bacteria based on individual shape, glues bacteria together