Year 9 Flashcards
When does inequality exist
Inequality exists when wealth and accesses to services is not shared equally between all people
In countries like Malawi not all children can go to school unlike in Singapore Many children in Makawi cannot afford to go to school
Give examples of inequality
1 in 10 people do not have access to clean water.
- in countries like Uk we have the Free healthcare NHS allowing people to see dr and go to the hospitals for free. In many third world countries people cannot afford healthcare
- Around 1 in 7 people aged 15 and over cant read or write
- around 22000 children die everyday from causes linked to poverty
What is development?
Development is about improving people’s lives
In a highly developed country you’d find ?
- all young people go to school
- there are good schools, clinics and hospitals
- the percentage of workers in farming is low
- there are good transport links roads , railways and airports
- people who can’t find work get help from the govt
- there is no extreme poverty
In a poorly developed country you’d find
Many people have no access to clean water and electricity
- some children go to school got on,y one or two years or never
- the birth rate is high
- little or no help from the government
- many people live in extreme poverty
What is a development indicator
Helps tell you hoe developed a country is
Gives examples of development indicators
- adult literacy rates
- birth rate
- death rate
- life expectancy
- under 5 mortality rate
- GDP per person
How do you get the GDP per person
You divide the GDP by the population
A high GDP is usually a sign that
A country is developed
It is likely yo have good roads , schools and so on
Countries with low GDP are called developing countries
Malawi is a developing country It has a GDP per person on $780 compared to the uk of $38500
Adult literacy is 61% compared to 99% in the uk
Life expectancy is 55 years compared to 81 in the uk
What is economic and social development
Economic development An increase in income and wealth
Social development. - an improvement in standard of living through education and healthcare
What does development mean
- the chance of good education
- the chance to earn a good living
- the chance to live a long and happy life eg good access to dr and healthcare
- having clean water and electricity
How is literacy rate measured
Is measured as the % of the adult population that are able to read and write
What would you expect in a HIC or a highly developed country
Everyone to have access to clean water, and electricity
- all young people go to school
- no extreme poverty
- people who can’t find work or support themselves get help from the government
- there are good schools and hospitals
- low % of farmers
What would you expect in a LIC
Many people have no access to water or electricity
- some children go to school for only one or two years , or never
- you get little or no support from the government
- there are not enough teachers, schools , doctors or hospitals
Birth rate is high
Many roads are just dirt tracks
Why are some countries more developed than others
Geographical reasons
- a countries location can play a big part in helping it to develop
In a hot country with poor soil and few natural resources may be difficult to develop
Some countries have rich soil and a climate that helps farming And natural resources such as oil that other countries are keen to buy
Health and education
A well educated , skilled and healthy workforce helps a country to develop
Poor countries have lots of bright people but don’t get a good education
Diseases such as malaria and AIDS are common in poor countries If you are unwell and undernourished you can’t work
What is TNC
Transnational Corporation
What is aid
Aid is when a country or non governmental organization such as Oxfam donates resources to another country to help or improve people’s lives
Aid can be in the form of Money Emergency supplies Food or technology Specialist skills dr of engineers
What is fair trade
fair Trade is an international movement that sets standards for trade and helps to ensure that producers in poor countries get a fair deal
Fair trade ensures
The farmers get a fair price and all the money from the sale of the crop
- part of the price is reinvested in local community development projects
- farming is done in an environmentally friendly way
- the product gains a stronger position in the global market
Singapore fact file
Singapore has a high literacy rate and high life expectancy of 84
The GDP is 100k per person
The birth rate is also low
All children go to school and get educated up to a high standard
Children do many after school activities
The country has good housing , dr and healthcare
Singapore is a very high income country
What strategies can reduce the development gap
Tourism countries with beautiful landscape and beaches can generate a lot of income which can improve the country
Improve education, infrastructure and housing
Industrial development
Industrial development brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in the country
What are the benefits of reducing the development gap
The population then becomes better educated and healthier which provided more opportunities to invest in industries and business
Give reasons to explain why poor people find it hard to escape the development gap
Conflict and corruption
- a country has a better chance of developing if it’s in peace with a stable govt and a fair legal system
Corruption adds to the problem Leaders steal money which is meant for the poor
Relying on a few exports
- many countries only make one or two crops
In Malawi they make tobacco as people give up smoking the demand for tobacco goes down
There are 2 types of aid . What are they ?
short term and long term
Give an example of short term aid?
This is money or resources that can help a country cope during emergencies, eg floods
- the aid will have immediate impact so more people will survive
Give an example of long term aid?
This is money or resources that help countries to develop
eg its used to build hospital in undeveloped countries
-it’s used to develop as schools to improve literacy rates
Long term aid can take a while. Schools and hospitals take a while to build
How can you measure development
You can you development indicators to help GDP Birth rate death rate Literacy rates Life expectancy
What is self help ?
Give an example
Self help us trying to improve your quality of life on your own
This can be done by moving from rural areas to urban areas to improve their quality of life
Some people improve their quality of life nu improving their housing
Explain fair trade
Fair trade is about getting a Fair price for goods produced
- companies who want to sell products labeled as fair trade have to pay a fair price
Buyers also have to pay extra on top of the fair price to help develop the area where the goods came from
Eg to build schools or health centres
Only produces that treat their workers well can participate
Many LEDCs have environmental problems. Give eg
- extreme climates
Flooding can cause issues with farming
Can destroy crops
Tropical storms
LEDCs are vulnerable to 3 other factors
Tropical disease like malaria spread quickly
- pests are a problem for farming where farmers can’t afford pesticides
- natural hazards like earthquakes , droughts and floods cause a lot of damage
