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GEOGRAPHY > Year 9 > Flashcards

Year 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

When does inequality exist

A

Inequality exists when wealth and accesses to services is not shared equally between all people
In countries like Malawi not all children can go to school unlike in Singapore Many children in Makawi cannot afford to go to school

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2
Q

Give examples of inequality

A

1 in 10 people do not have access to clean water.

  • in countries like Uk we have the Free healthcare NHS allowing people to see dr and go to the hospitals for free. In many third world countries people cannot afford healthcare
  • Around 1 in 7 people aged 15 and over cant read or write
  • around 22000 children die everyday from causes linked to poverty
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3
Q

What is development?

A

Development is about improving people’s lives

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4
Q

In a highly developed country you’d find ?

A
  • all young people go to school
  • there are good schools, clinics and hospitals
  • the percentage of workers in farming is low
  • there are good transport links roads , railways and airports
  • people who can’t find work get help from the govt
  • there is no extreme poverty
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5
Q

In a poorly developed country you’d find

A

Many people have no access to clean water and electricity

  • some children go to school got on,y one or two years or never
  • the birth rate is high
  • little or no help from the government
  • many people live in extreme poverty
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6
Q

What is a development indicator

A

Helps tell you hoe developed a country is

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7
Q

Gives examples of development indicators

A
  • adult literacy rates
  • birth rate
  • death rate
  • life expectancy
  • under 5 mortality rate
  • GDP per person
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8
Q

How do you get the GDP per person

A

You divide the GDP by the population

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9
Q

A high GDP is usually a sign that

A

A country is developed
It is likely yo have good roads , schools and so on

Countries with low GDP are called developing countries
Malawi is a developing country It has a GDP per person on $780 compared to the uk of $38500

Adult literacy is 61% compared to 99% in the uk
Life expectancy is 55 years compared to 81 in the uk

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10
Q

What is economic and social development

A

Economic development An increase in income and wealth

Social development. - an improvement in standard of living through education and healthcare

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11
Q

What does development mean

A
  • the chance of good education
  • the chance to earn a good living
  • the chance to live a long and happy life eg good access to dr and healthcare
  • having clean water and electricity
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12
Q

How is literacy rate measured

A

Is measured as the % of the adult population that are able to read and write

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13
Q

What would you expect in a HIC or a highly developed country

A

Everyone to have access to clean water, and electricity

  • all young people go to school
  • no extreme poverty
  • people who can’t find work or support themselves get help from the government
  • there are good schools and hospitals
  • low % of farmers
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14
Q

What would you expect in a LIC

A

Many people have no access to water or electricity
- some children go to school for only one or two years , or never
- you get little or no support from the government
- there are not enough teachers, schools , doctors or hospitals
Birth rate is high
Many roads are just dirt tracks

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15
Q

Why are some countries more developed than others

A

Geographical reasons
- a countries location can play a big part in helping it to develop
In a hot country with poor soil and few natural resources may be difficult to develop

Some countries have rich soil and a climate that helps farming And natural resources such as oil that other countries are keen to buy

Health and education
A well educated , skilled and healthy workforce helps a country to develop

Poor countries have lots of bright people but don’t get a good education

Diseases such as malaria and AIDS are common in poor countries If you are unwell and undernourished you can’t work

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16
Q

What is TNC

A

Transnational Corporation

17
Q

What is aid

A

Aid is when a country or non governmental organization such as Oxfam donates resources to another country to help or improve people’s lives

Aid can be in the form of 
Money 
Emergency supplies 
Food or technology 
Specialist skills dr of engineers
18
Q

What is fair trade

A

fair Trade is an international movement that sets standards for trade and helps to ensure that producers in poor countries get a fair deal

19
Q

Fair trade ensures

A

The farmers get a fair price and all the money from the sale of the crop

  • part of the price is reinvested in local community development projects
  • farming is done in an environmentally friendly way
  • the product gains a stronger position in the global market
20
Q

Singapore fact file

A

Singapore has a high literacy rate and high life expectancy of 84
The GDP is 100k per person
The birth rate is also low
All children go to school and get educated up to a high standard
Children do many after school activities
The country has good housing , dr and healthcare
Singapore is a very high income country

21
Q

What strategies can reduce the development gap

A

Tourism countries with beautiful landscape and beaches can generate a lot of income which can improve the country
Improve education, infrastructure and housing
Industrial development
Industrial development brings employment, higher incomes and opportunities to invest in the country

22
Q

What are the benefits of reducing the development gap

A

The population then becomes better educated and healthier which provided more opportunities to invest in industries and business

23
Q

Give reasons to explain why poor people find it hard to escape the development gap

A

Conflict and corruption
- a country has a better chance of developing if it’s in peace with a stable govt and a fair legal system
Corruption adds to the problem Leaders steal money which is meant for the poor

Relying on a few exports
- many countries only make one or two crops
In Malawi they make tobacco as people give up smoking the demand for tobacco goes down

24
Q

There are 2 types of aid . What are they ?

A

short term and long term

25
Q

Give an example of short term aid?

A

This is money or resources that can help a country cope during emergencies, eg floods
- the aid will have immediate impact so more people will survive

26
Q

Give an example of long term aid?

A

This is money or resources that help countries to develop
eg its used to build hospital in undeveloped countries
-it’s used to develop as schools to improve literacy rates

Long term aid can take a while. Schools and hospitals take a while to build

27
Q

How can you measure development

A 
You can you development indicators to help 
GDP
Birth rate death rate 
Literacy rates 
Life expectancy
28
Q

What is self help ?

Give an example

A

Self help us trying to improve your quality of life on your own
This can be done by moving from rural areas to urban areas to improve their quality of life
Some people improve their quality of life nu improving their housing

29
Q

Explain fair trade

A

Fair trade is about getting a Fair price for goods produced
- companies who want to sell products labeled as fair trade have to pay a fair price
Buyers also have to pay extra on top of the fair price to help develop the area where the goods came from
Eg to build schools or health centres

Only produces that treat their workers well can participate

30
Q

Many LEDCs have environmental problems. Give eg

A
  • extreme climates
    Flooding can cause issues with farming
    Can destroy crops
    Tropical storms
31
Q

LEDCs are vulnerable to 3 other factors

A

Tropical disease like malaria spread quickly

  • pests are a problem for farming where farmers can’t afford pesticides
  • natural hazards like earthquakes , droughts and floods cause a lot of damage

GEOGRAPHY (6 decks)

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