Year 8 yearly exam Flashcards
Illegal and Legal Drugs
An illegal drug is a classification of a type of drug that is forbidden from manufacture, sale or possession by law. These illegal drugs may have unpredictable side effects on people which makes them dangerous to be taken. An example of an illegal drug is cocaine. A legal drug is a drug that is available over the counter, at a pharmacy or with a prescription such as nicotine.
Factors Affecting Drug Impact on the Body
How a drug affects an individual depends on body size, general health, the amount and strength of the drug, whether any other drugs have been taken around the same time, a person’s mood, and the environment.
Depressants
Depressants are the type of drug that slows down the function of the central nervous system, calming the user down, and making them feel relaxed. Some examples of depressants are alcohol and cannabis. The effects are Slowed heart rate, relaxation, sedation, impaired coordination, and reduced anxiety.
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens or psychedelics are included in the psychoactive class of substances and are the type of drug that affects your senses and changes your cognitive processes as well as the way you perceive things, see, hear, taste, smell or feel things. An example of a Hallucinogen is, psilocybin, also known as magic mushrooms. The effects are Altered perceptions, visual and auditory hallucinations, changes in thought processes, and emotional fluctuations.
Stimulants
Stimulants speed up the function of the central nervous system, causing the user to be more energetic. An example of a Hallucinogen is caffeine. The effects are Increased heart rate, heightened alertness, increased energy, elevated mood, and decreased appetite.
Impact of drug use on individuals
Taking drugs or too much alcohol can have many effects on the individual’s mental health as well as physical effects. Different drugs have different effects but usually, drugs Increase the risk of anxiety, depression, psychosis, and cognitive impairment. Chronic use can also lead to organ damage (liver, heart, lungs), respiratory issues, and infectious diseases (especially with injectable drugs).
what are OTC and prescription medication/drugs-
Otc are drugs that are available over the counter and are used for mild health problems like the common cold.
what are the three types of OTC drugs?
general sale (can be bought at supermarkets like pain-relief, vitamins and sore throat lozenges eg. Panadol or neurofen), pharmacy medicines (medicines that you can only buy in a pharmacy but are available on the shelves in the main part of the shop like medicines for heartburn and reflux eg. travel sickness tablets) and pharmacist-only medicines (you can only buy these supplements after you have spoken to the pharmacist and are stored behind the pharmacy counter. You will need to ask for them. For example, inhalers (puffers) for asthma relief and mild steroid-containing creams for skin irritations.
short term effects of alcholol
The short-term effects of Alcohol are headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, loss of coordination and balance, accidental injury (to yourself or others), alcohol poisoning (which can be fatal), fatigue (tiredness) and a hangover.
long term effects of alcholol
unhealthy weight gain which can contribute to other health problems and increase your risk of diabetes. Alcohol impacts The brain as drinking too much can affect your memory in the long term as well as increase your risk of having a stroke and developing dementia. The heart is also impacted in the long run as increased blood pressure can lead to heart damage and heart attacks. The long-term effects can also cause liver conditions like liver failure and mental health an addition. You should not drink alcohol while pregnant as it increases the risk of harm to your unborn baby.
Short-term health effects of vaping
include nausea, vomiting, mouth and airway irritation, chest pain and palpitations.
The long-term effects of vaping
the development of asthma, and organ damage as nicotine can hurt brain development, raise your blood pressure and narrow your arteries. Addiction to nicotine as it is highly addictive.
Short-term effects of smoking Marijuana
can be pleasant euphoria, A sense of relaxation, Heightened sensory perception (e.g., brighter colours), Laughter, Altered perception of time (Forming new memories), interfering with the ability to learn and perform complicated tasks (Regulating balance, posture, coordination, and reaction time) and Increased appetite.
Long-term effects of smoking Marijuana
effects on the respiratory system, leading to chronic cough, bronchitis, and increased pneumonia risk. Pregnant women may expose their unborn children to developmental issues, as THC can pass through breast milk. Adolescent use is linked to an increased risk of cancer. Regular use during adolescence can impair brain development, learning, and memory, while adults may face persistent memory loss and lower IQ. Additionally, marijuana use is associated with a higher risk of psychiatric disorders, particularly in genetically predisposed individuals, and addiction risk increases with early use.
the Australian laws on alcohol
Drink driving – you’re breaking the law if you drive and your blood alcohol concentration is equal to or more than 0.05. You must also be 18 or older to buy alcohol or to drink alcohol in a licensed venue as well as sell alcohol to anyone under 18 or to someone who is already drunk. There are also restricted areas where you can’t drink and it is illegal to drink on those sites.
the Australian laws on vaping
All vapes regardless of whether they contain nicotine or not, can only be sold in a pharmacy to help people quit smoking or manage nicotine dependence. It is illegal for any other business, such as tobacconists, vape shops and convenience stores, to sell any type of vape or vaping product. People under 18 years need a prescription to access vapes. People who need vapes with a higher concentration of nicotine than 20 mg/mL also need a prescription, regardless of their age. Flavours are restricted to mint, menthol and tobacco.
the Australian laws on Marijuana:
In NSW, the police may issue you with a caution if you Have never been caught with cannabis before, Have 15 grams or less in your possession, or Claim the cannabis is for personal use but if it is not your first time offence you may be required to attend drug counselling. Being caught a third time is likely to result in criminal charges.
What is Mental Health?
Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realise their abilities, learn well, and contribute to their community.
Social Media Impact on Mental Health
Social media can impact self-esteem, anxiety, and self-worth due to unrealistic comparisons and the need for validation. However, it can also offer support and mental health resources.
What is Body Image?
Body image refers to the way a person perceives, thinks, and feels about their physical appearance. This includes their thoughts about their size, shape, weight, and overall attractiveness. Body image can be positive, where someone feels comfortable and confident in their body, or negative, where someone experiences dissatisfaction and self-consciousness. Factors influencing body image include societal beauty standards, media representations, and personal experiences.
Influences on Body Image
Sports standards, social media portrayals, and personal experiences like bullying can all impact body image.
How to Report Online Bullying
Tell a trusted adult, avoid engaging, document evidence, block/report bully, and adjust privacy settings. Support resources include school counselors and helplines like Kids Helpline.
