Year 8 Topic 9 - Rocks Flashcards
Minerals
A substance that makes up a rock
Lithosphere
The outer layer of the earth consists of the crust and mantle
Magma
Hot fluid within the Earth’s crust which lava and igneous rock is formed on cooling
Sediment
Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid
Native Elements
Elements that are naturally formed
Crystals
Glass like objects that are formed from molten materials
Lustre
How a materials reflects like, words can be used to describe such as dull
Igneous Rock
Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption
Extrusive Rocks
Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the earths surface
Pumice
A very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly
Scoria
A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly
Abrasive
A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another
Basalt
A dark fine-grained rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure
Obsidian
A hard dark, glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallisation
Intrusive Rocks
Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface
Batholiths
Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across
Granite
A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the earths surface
Sedimentary Rocks
Particles and Sediments form Sedimentary Rocks. Deposited by water, wind or ice.
Metamorphic Rock
Rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure
Metamorphism
The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat or even both
Erosion
the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents
Floodplains
Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods
Glaciers
Large bodies of ice that move down that move down slopes and move boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them
Moraines
Deposit left by movement of a glacier
