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Science > Year 8 Topic 9 - Rocks > Flashcards

Year 8 Topic 9 - Rocks Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Minerals

A

A substance that makes up a rock

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer layer of the earth consists of the crust and mantle

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3
Q

Magma

A

Hot fluid within the Earth’s crust which lava and igneous rock is formed on cooling

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4
Q

Sediment

A

Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

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5
Q

Native Elements

A

Elements that are naturally formed

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6
Q

Crystals

A

Glass like objects that are formed from molten materials

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7
Q

Lustre

A

How a materials reflects like, words can be used to describe such as dull

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8
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

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9
Q

Extrusive Rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the earths surface

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10
Q

Pumice

A

A very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly

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11
Q

Scoria

A

A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

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12
Q

Abrasive

A

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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13
Q

Basalt

A

A dark fine-grained rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure

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14
Q

Obsidian

A

A hard dark, glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallisation

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15
Q

Intrusive Rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface

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16
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

17
Q

Granite

A

A hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the earths surface

18
Q

Sedimentary Rocks

A

Particles and Sediments form Sedimentary Rocks. Deposited by water, wind or ice.

19
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure

20
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat or even both

21
Q

Erosion

A

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents

22
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

23
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that move down that move down slopes and move boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

24
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

25
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts

26
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

27
Q

Shale

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

28
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

29
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

30
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate

31
Q

Coal

A

A black combustible mineral substance. Used as a fuel

32
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up

33
Q

Mineral Ores

A

Rocks min

34
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

35
Q

Environmental Impact Statement

A

Study of the possible effects of a planned project of the environment

36
Q

Rehabilitated

A

Restored to its previous condition

37
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil

38
Q

Stone Age

A

The time beginning about two million years where humans made implements of stone

39
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of metal and a another metal

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