Year 8 Summer Geography Flashcards
What are the elements of weather?
These are the main ‘ingredients’ of weather
How are the elements of weather recorded?
They are all recorded by different instruments and are measured in different ways.
Name the elements of weather?
- Temperature (the amount of heat)
- Precipitation (weather-rain, sleet, hail, snow)
- Wind speed
- Wind direction
- Cloud type
- Cloud cover
- Visibility (how far you can see)
What is temperature?
This is a measure of how hot or cold it is
How can we tell how hot or cold it is?
By looking at the clothes that people wear
What do we use to measure temperature?
We use a thermometer to measure temperature. Remember the sun heats the ground and the ground heats the ground.
What is a thermometer usually made from?
A thermometer is usually made from a tube of hollow glass with a bulb shaped base.
What is the bulb of a thermometer filled with?
The bulb is filled with a liquid, usually mercury, which expands as temperatures rise and fall as temperatures drop
What can be read on the thermometer?
A scale on the thermometer can be read to find out what the temperature is. Celsius (°C) is the most common scale for thermometers.
What is precipitation?
Water in the air falls to the ground in one of several forms:
- Rain
- Snow
- Sleet
- Hail
What do we use to measure the amount of rain that falls?
A rain gauge
His is rain measured in a rain gauge?
Rain is collected through the funnel, which is 13cm wide. The flask has a scale which shows the amount of rainfall. Each day the flask is removed from the ground and the amount of rainfall is recorded.
Name the five rules for placing a rain gauge?
- Grass-If you place it on cement etc. The rain may bounce back up, into the rain gauge which could change the readings.
- Sunk into the ground-This will stop the rain gauge from toppling over becUse of winds (strong).
- In a fenced off area-This will prevent animals from getting to the rain gauge, maybe adding more or less to the readings.
- Placed on flag ground-This will make sure that the rain will all be caught, rather than leaving some behind on a slope.
- Away from trees/buildings-This will make sure that the readings are correct. If it was beside a tree/building it may act like a shelter or add more rain, changing the readings.
What does air contain?
Air contains water vapour-water in the form of a gas. If the air cools, the water vapour turns back into small water droplets which join together to form larger water droplets or ice crystals.
Eventually what will happen the drops of ice or crystals?
Eventually the weight of the drops or crystals may be heavy enough to make them fall as precipitation (rain, snow, sleet or ice).
How is precipitation measured?
Precipitation is measured in mm using a rain gauge.
What is evaporation?
Evaporation-the sun heats the water and changes it to gas called water vapour.
What is condensation?
Condensation-water vapeur rises and cools to become a liquid again.
What is precipitation?
Precipitation-droplets form and fall as rain, hail, sleet or snow.
What is the run-off?
Run-off-water reaches the ground and some flows back to the sea over ground as a run-off
What is transpiration?
Transpiration-some moisture evaporates from plants
What is wind?
Wind is moving air
What does wind speed tell us?
This tells us how strong the wind is. Although we can get a good idea of this by looking at smoke rising and trees swaying.
What do we use to get an accurate reading of wind speed?
An anemometer