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Geography > Year 8 geography > Flashcards

Year 8 geography Flashcards

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1
Q

What is geography?

A

Geography is the study of the land, people, features and the earth

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2
Q

How can geography be divided?

A

Geography can be divided into physical and human sections

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3
Q

Give 8 examples of physical geography?

A

Rocks, earthquakes, weather and climate, rivers, ecosystems, volcanoes, hurricanes and floods

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4
Q

Give 8 examples of human geography?

A

Development, fair trade, migration and refugees, population, globalisation, farming, settlement and economic activity

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5
Q

What is physical geography?

A

The natural world

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6
Q

What is human geography?

A

The study of people and how they interact with the world around us

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7
Q

What is the British Isles?

A

FIVE countries make up the British Isles, 1. England, 2. Scotland, 3. Wales, 4. Northern Ireland, 5. Republic of Ireland

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8
Q

What is the United Kingdom?

A

The United Kingdom is made up of 4 countries, 1. England, 2. Scotland, 3. Wales, 4. Northern Ireland

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9
Q

What is Great Britain?

A

Great Britain is made up of three countries: 1.England,2.Scotland, 3.Wales

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10
Q

How many counties are there in Northern Ireland?

A

SIX

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11
Q

Name all the counties of Northern Ireland and how can you remember them?

A 
FATLAD should help us remember the names of the six counties:
Fermanagh
Antrim
Tyrone
Londonderry 
Armagh
Down
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12
Q

What are the three groups of mountains in Northern Ireland?

A

Antrim Hills, Sperrins Mountains, Mourne Mountains

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13
Q

Name all the lough’s in Northern Ireland?

A

Laugh Foyle, Lower Lough Erne, Upper Lough Erne, Belfast Lough, Strangford Lough, Carlingford Lough

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14
Q

Name all the rivers in Northern Ireland?

A

Foyle, Lower Bann, Blackwater, Upper Bann, Bush, Lagan

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15
Q

Give the 19 main towns and cities in Northern Ireland?

A

Derry/Londonderry, Strabane, Omagh, Enniskillen, Coleraine, Ballycastle, Ballymena, Antrim, Portadown, Lurgan, Armagh, Newry, Banbridge, Lisburn, Carrickfergus, Larne, Bangor, Newtonards, Belfast.

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16
Q

What is fracking?

A

Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well.

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17
Q

Who started fracking?

A

The government is allowing them to peruse a range of oil and gas exploration activities in certain areas. He believes shale gas has the potential to provide the U.K. with greater energy security, growth and jobs.

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18
Q

Where does fracking take place?

A

All over the U.K. such as Newcastle, Bristol and London

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19
Q

When did fracking take place?

A

On the 16th December, BBC News

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20
Q

Why do we frack?

A

To recover gas and oil; to keep costs down

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21
Q

What are the 5 w’s?

A

Who, what, where, when and why

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22
Q

What is a map?

A

A map is a plan view. It’s a bird’s eye view or looking straight down from above. It is al so called an aerial view.

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23
Q

What should all maps have?

A

A frame around the outside, a title stating what the map shows, a key which outlines the meaning of the symbols used, a scale to work out real life distances and a North arrow.

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24
Q

Give an example of five people who might use a map?

A

An explorer, journalist, driver, someone who climbs mountains (climber), orienteers, Duke of Edinburgh participants.

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25
Q

What is Ordnance Survey (OS)?

A

Ordnance Survey (OS) is Great Britain’s national mapping authority. They use a number of symbols so that maps can be simple but detailed.

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26
Q

Where is the meaning of each symbol listed?

A

The meaning of each symbol is listed in the key.

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27
Q

What does the key do to the map?

A

The key ‘unlocks’ the map.

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28
Q

Practice all the OS map symbols?

A

See geography book

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29
Q

What do we use compasses for?

A

We use compass points to help us find our way.

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30
Q

What are the four main/ cardinal compass points?

A

North, South, East, West

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31
Q

When giving directions where should you always start?

A

In the right place

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32
Q

If the question says ‘what direction is A of B’ what should you change the word of to?

A

FROM

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33
Q

How can you remember the order of the compass points?

A

Never = North, Eat = East, Shredded = South, Wheat = West.

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34
Q

What are the 8 simplest compass points?

A

North, East, South, West, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest.

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35
Q

When giving a grid reference what shoul you always give?

A

When giving a grid reference always give the number at the bottom first. An easy way to remember this is that a baby crawls before it climbs.

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36
Q

How do you give a 4 grid reference?

A
  1. Go along the bottom first.
  2. Go up the side second.
  3. Draw your fingers along the lines until they meet.
  4. Where the two lines meet gives our reference e.g. 0322
    * the points meet at the bottom left hand corner of the square*
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37
Q

When we want to be more accurate what can we give?

A

A 6 figure reference

38
Q

How do you do a 6 figure reference?

A

We do this by dividing each square up in our minds. We take the square and divide it into ten smaller squares.

39
Q

What is drawn on a map?

A

A contour line

40
Q

What does a contour line do?

A

It joins up places which have the same height.

41
Q

What colour is a contour line coloured?

A

It is coloured brown.

42
Q

What is scale?

A

Scale takes real life things and reduces them in size so they can be shown on a map.

43
Q

Does every map have a scale?

A

Yes. Every map has a scale marked on it and by using this scale we can tell how much smaller the area shown on a map is compared to the same area in real life.

44
Q

Give an example of scale?

A

An Ordnance Survey map with a scale 1:50,000 means every 1cm on the map is the same as 50,000cm in real life

45
Q

How are maps drawn to many different scales?

A

Maps are drawn to many different scales, depending on what people want to use them for.

46
Q

What is the easiest way to work out distances on a map?

A

To use a scale line

47
Q

Why is the scale line easy to use?

A

The scale line is easy to use, simply measure the distance on the map, place you ruler or a piece of paper along the scale line, read of the actual distance from the scale line.

48
Q

If there is no scale line, how can we calculate the real life distance?

A

If there is no scale line we can calculate the real life distance using the scale number. For example 4cm on a 1:50,000 scale OS map would be-
4 x 50,000 = 200,000 or 2km. (There are 1000,000cm in a km)

49
Q

How many cm are in 1m?

A

100cm

50
Q

How many m are in 1km?

A

1000m

51
Q

How many cm are in 1km?

A

100,000cm

52
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A settlement is any place where people live

53
Q

What is the smallest settlement?

A

The smallest settlement is a hamlet. A small group of houses with no amenities or facilities.

54
Q

What are the largest settlements?

A

The largest settlements are conurbations, where large cities spread out and grow into each other.

55
Q

What is the land on which a settlement stands called?

A

The land on which a settlement stands is called the ‘site’. It is concerned with the landscape of the settlement, its local relief, water supply, slope, soils.

56
Q

When early settlements were formed what were early settlers looking for?

A

Natural advantages, these included: protection- defence, building-materials, supply of wood (fuel), Flat land-good for farming and building, shelter-from cold North winds, water-for cooking and drinking.

57
Q

What is a wet point site?

A

A wet point site is a site close to a reliable water supply. Water was needed throughout the year for drinking and washing and was heavy to carry.

58
Q

What does a wet point site look like?

A

Near to the top of a mountain near to the fresh water supply (spring).

59
Q

What are defensive sites?

A

Defensive sites are land areas that could be easily defended from attacks launched by neighbouring tribes.

60
Q

What does a river defensive site look like?

A

A site with a river almost the full way around leaving a small part so that you can still come in and out.

61
Q

What does a hilltop defense site look like?

A

A site guarded at the top of a hill

62
Q

What is the situation of a settlement?

A

The situation of a settlement describes its location in relation to its surroundings such as landforms, land-uses, roads and other settlements.

63
Q

What does Lisburn sit on?

A

Lisburn sits on the Lagan Valley. Originally it sat on a hill overlooking the valley but has now grown into it.

64
Q

What is Lisburn?

A

Lisburn is Northern Ireland’s third largest city’s also one of its youngest

65
Q

What was apparently born in Lisburn back in 1698?

A

Ireland’s linen industry was was apparently born in the city back in 1698.

66
Q

When was Lisburn given its’ name?

A

Lisburn was given its’ name in January 1662

67
Q

What was the population of Lisburn in 2015?

A

120,000

68
Q

How many schools and churches does Lisburn include?

A

Lisburn includes 23 schools and 132 churches.

69
Q

What is a settlement hierarchy?

A

A settlement hierarchy is when settlements are placed in order of importance from cities at the top of the hierarchy to isolated farms and hamlets at the bottom

70
Q

How is the ordering done for a settlement hierarchy?

A

The ordering is done on a combination of factors:

  1. the population of the settlement.
  2. the services provided by the settlement.
  3. the area covered by the settlement.
71
Q

Give a settlement hierarchy in order starting with the smallest?

A

Isolated dwelling, hamlet, village, town, city, conurbation.

72
Q

What happens when you get further up the settlement hierarchy?

A

Settlements become bigger in population but fewer in number

73
Q

Give an example of a hamlet?

A

Letterbreen

74
Q

Give an example of a village?

A

Hillsborough

75
Q

Give an example of a town?

A

Banbridge

76
Q

Give an example of a city?

A

Belfast

77
Q

Why do settlements grow in size?

A

Settlements grow in size because they have certain natural advantages but they may also grow because of their FUNCTION.

78
Q

What is a settlements function?

A

A settlement’s function is the main activity that takes place there.

79
Q

What is the function of a settlement?

A

The function of a settlement relates to its economic and social development, and refers to its main activities. The original function can change over time, depending on the economic and social changes within it. E.G. Blackpool’s main function is as a tourist resort.

80
Q

What May towns evolve or become?

A

Towns may evolve or become important for a particular function or role because:

  • The nature of the area they serve
  • The ease of access by land or by sea
  • Past history
  • The availability of raw materials
  • Sources of power
  • Changing. Population needs
81
Q

What is the definition of a wet point site?

A

Has a good clean water supply (spring or well)

82
Q

What is the definition of a bridging site?

A

At a point where you can cross a river easily

83
Q

What is the definition of a defensive site?

A

Easy to defend from attack

84
Q

What is the definition of a gap site?

A

At a gap in a ridge of hills or mountains (and usually on a good route between them)

85
Q

What is the definition of a dry point site?

A

Safe from flooding

86
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is industrial?

A

Belfast

87
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is market town?

A

Lisburn

88
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is tourist resort?

A

Port rush

89
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is port?

A

Larne

90
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is defensive site?

A

Carickfergus

91
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is fishing village?

A

Kilkeel

92
Q

Give an example of a place where the main function is university town?

A

Coleraine

Geography (2 decks)

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