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Year 7 Science 👩🏻‍🔬🤓🤪 > Year 7 Cells, Tissues, Organs, Digestion > Flashcards

Year 7 Cells, Tissues, Organs, Digestion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the components of a typical plant cell?

A

Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria

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2
Q

What are the components of a typical animal cell?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria

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3
Q

What does Mrs .H .Gren stand for?

A 
Move
Respire
Sensitivity 
Homeostasis 
Grow
Reproduce
Excrete
Nutrition
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4
Q

What is a nucleus’s function?

A

To control the cells activities and contains the DNA

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5
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

A chloroplast is a packet containing chlorophyll which traps light energy for photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm

A

Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance in a cell where most of the chemical reactions happen

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7
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell.

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8
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A

The cell wall is a rigid outer structure made of Cellulose and provides strength and support.

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9
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

A vacuole is an area within a plant cell, containing cell sap to help support the cell

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10
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria is where aerobic respiration happens to release energy from the cell.

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11
Q

What is the function of the nosepiece on a microscope?

A

The nosepiece on a microscope rotates to allow you to select different objective lenses

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the course adjustment knob on the microscope?

A

The course adjustment knob allows you to get approximately into focus

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob on a microscope?

A

The final adjustment knob allows you to get very fine adjustment on the focus

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14
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm on the microscope?

A

The diaphragm controls how much light is let through the objective lens.

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15
Q

Name some specialised cells.

A

Sperm, egg, root hair, epithelial, leaf, red blood and white blood cells.

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16
Q

Facts about the sperm cell:

A

Male reproduction
Contains half of the genetic information
Has a long tail for swimming
Big head for breaking into the egg

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17
Q

Facts about egg cell:

A

Female reproduction
Contains half of the genetic information
Large
Contains lots of cytoplasm

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18
Q

Facts about the root hair cell:

A

It absorbs water and minerals
It has a large surface area
Lots of mitochondria

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19
Q

Facts about the epithelial cell:

A

It gathers dirt and hair so that it doesn’t get in the way.

Large surface area to gather lots of dirt.

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20
Q

Facts about the leaf cell:

A

It absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Large surface area
Lots of chloroplasts

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21
Q

Facts about the red blood cell:

A

It carries oxygen around the body and removes carbon dioxide
Large surface area
Area for oxygen because it doesn’t have a nucleus

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22
Q

What is an amoeba?

A

It is a single celled organism

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23
Q

What is a pseudopod?

A

A pseudopod is a projection on an amoeba that helps it to move

24
Q

What is the tail on a bacterium called?

A

A flagellum

25
Q

What is the Euglena eye spot?

A

It detects light and helps the Euglena move towards the light so it can photosynthesise

26
Q

How do fungi spread?

A

They makes tiny spores which are carried by the wind

27
Q

How do fungi make food?

A

They don’t they eat organisms instead

28
Q

Are fungi all single celled?

A

No, some are multicellular e.g. mould

29
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A tissue is a group of specialised cells that have similar structure and function.

30
Q

What is an organ?

A

An organ is a group of tissues working together to do one job

31
Q

What is an organ system?

A

An organ system is a group of organs working together to do one or more jobs

32
Q

What does muscular tissue do?

A

Muscular tissue contracts to cause movement.

33
Q

What does glandular tissue do?

A

Glandular tissue produces substances such as enzymes and hormones e.g. glands in the stomach release enzymes to digest protein.

34
Q

What are epithelial tissues?

A

Epithelial tissues line the outer surface of organs, the inner surface of cavities in the body and the outside of human skin.

35
Q

What are mesophyll tissues?

A

Mesophyll tissues are found in plant leaves inside the epidermis and they are where photosynthesis happens.

36
Q

What are xylem tissues?

A

Xylem tissues transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots and leaves (think panda!)

37
Q

What is phloem?

A

Phloem is a tissue that carries simple food from leaves to the rest of the plant.

38
Q

Name the main organs of the digestive system

A 
The main organs of the digestive system are:
Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder 
Pancreas
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
39
Q

In digestion what role does the mouth do?

A

It chews and slices food (teeth) and mixes food with saliva which makes it slippery to slide down the oesophagus. Saliva contains enzymes which start to digest some foods.

40
Q

In digestion what role does the oesophagus do?

A

It pushes and pushes food from the mouth to the stomach.

41
Q

In digestion what roles does the stomach do?

A
  1. It holds food and liquid that has been swallowed
  2. It churns food up with acid and enzymes which glands secrete (give out)
  3. It empties its contents slowly into the small intestine.
42
Q

In digestion what role does the sphincter at the bottom of the stomach do?

A

It holds the food in the stomach until it is sufficiently digested then it opens to allow the food into the small intestine

43
Q

In digestion what role does the small intestine do?

A

It holds the food from the stomach while bile from the gall bladder is added to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats (allow the to mix with water - similar to how washing up liquid works).
The small intestines also allow the smaller particles produced by digestion to pass through into the bloodstream.

44
Q

In digestion what role does the large intestine do?

A

The large intestine receives waste food from the small intestine. It removes water from the waste food before it passes to the rectum.

45
Q

In digestion what role does the pancreas do?

A

The pancreas produces lots of enzymes to aid digestion. These enzymes flow into the small intestine to get added to food after it leaves the stomach.

46
Q

In digestion what role does the rectum do?

A

It is the lower part of the large intestine and holds faeces (poo) before it leaves the anus

47
Q

In digestion what role does the anus do?

A

The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive system where faeces leave the body.

48
Q

What are faeces made of.?

A

Undigested parts of food (e.g. fibre) and old cells.

49
Q

What is the colon?

A

The colon is another name for the large intestine

50
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

It is a flap of skin which covers the top of the trachea (windpipe) when you swallow so the food cannot go into the lungs.

51
Q

What do digestive enzymes do?

A

They help to break down food without being used up themselves

52
Q

List carbohydrates

A

Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy carbohydrates

53
Q

List some vegetables and fruit.

A

Broccoli, leak, strawberry, bananas, cucumber, mushrooms and peas Etc.

54
Q

List some proteins

A

Baked beans, beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat, dairy etc.

55
Q

What do oils do?

A

They store long term energy

56
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Carbohydrates are a source of long term energy.

57
Q

What do vegetables contain?

A

Vitamins and minerals.

Year 7 Science 👩🏻‍🔬🤓🤪 (5 decks)

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