Year 7 Cells, Tissues, Organs, Digestion Flashcards
What are the components of a typical plant cell?
Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria
What are the components of a typical animal cell?
Nucleus, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondria
What does Mrs .H .Gren stand for?
Move Respire Sensitivity Homeostasis Grow Reproduce Excrete Nutrition
What is a nucleus’s function?
To control the cells activities and contains the DNA
What is the function of a chloroplast?
A chloroplast is a packet containing chlorophyll which traps light energy for photosynthesis
What is the function of cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance in a cell where most of the chemical reactions happen
What is the function of a cell membrane?
The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What is the function of a cell wall?
The cell wall is a rigid outer structure made of Cellulose and provides strength and support.
What is the function of a vacuole?
A vacuole is an area within a plant cell, containing cell sap to help support the cell
What is the function of mitochondria?
Mitochondria is where aerobic respiration happens to release energy from the cell.
What is the function of the nosepiece on a microscope?
The nosepiece on a microscope rotates to allow you to select different objective lenses
What is the purpose of the course adjustment knob on the microscope?
The course adjustment knob allows you to get approximately into focus
What is the purpose of the fine adjustment knob on a microscope?
The final adjustment knob allows you to get very fine adjustment on the focus
What is the function of the diaphragm on the microscope?
The diaphragm controls how much light is let through the objective lens.
Name some specialised cells.
Sperm, egg, root hair, epithelial, leaf, red blood and white blood cells.
Facts about the sperm cell:
Male reproduction
Contains half of the genetic information
Has a long tail for swimming
Big head for breaking into the egg
Facts about egg cell:
Female reproduction
Contains half of the genetic information
Large
Contains lots of cytoplasm
Facts about the root hair cell:
It absorbs water and minerals
It has a large surface area
Lots of mitochondria
Facts about the epithelial cell:
It gathers dirt and hair so that it doesn’t get in the way.
Large surface area to gather lots of dirt.
Facts about the leaf cell:
It absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Large surface area
Lots of chloroplasts
Facts about the red blood cell:
It carries oxygen around the body and removes carbon dioxide
Large surface area
Area for oxygen because it doesn’t have a nucleus
What is an amoeba?
It is a single celled organism
What is a pseudopod?
A pseudopod is a projection on an amoeba that helps it to move
What is the tail on a bacterium called?
A flagellum
What is the Euglena eye spot?
It detects light and helps the Euglena move towards the light so it can photosynthesise
How do fungi spread?
They makes tiny spores which are carried by the wind
How do fungi make food?
They don’t they eat organisms instead
Are fungi all single celled?
No, some are multicellular e.g. mould
What is a tissue?
A tissue is a group of specialised cells that have similar structure and function.
What is an organ?
An organ is a group of tissues working together to do one job
What is an organ system?
An organ system is a group of organs working together to do one or more jobs
What does muscular tissue do?
Muscular tissue contracts to cause movement.
What does glandular tissue do?
Glandular tissue produces substances such as enzymes and hormones e.g. glands in the stomach release enzymes to digest protein.
What are epithelial tissues?
Epithelial tissues line the outer surface of organs, the inner surface of cavities in the body and the outside of human skin.
What are mesophyll tissues?
Mesophyll tissues are found in plant leaves inside the epidermis and they are where photosynthesis happens.
What are xylem tissues?
Xylem tissues transport water and nutrients from roots to shoots and leaves (think panda!)
What is phloem?
Phloem is a tissue that carries simple food from leaves to the rest of the plant.
Name the main organs of the digestive system
The main organs of the digestive system are: Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Liver Gall bladder Pancreas Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
In digestion what role does the mouth do?
It chews and slices food (teeth) and mixes food with saliva which makes it slippery to slide down the oesophagus. Saliva contains enzymes which start to digest some foods.
In digestion what role does the oesophagus do?
It pushes and pushes food from the mouth to the stomach.
In digestion what roles does the stomach do?
- It holds food and liquid that has been swallowed
- It churns food up with acid and enzymes which glands secrete (give out)
- It empties its contents slowly into the small intestine.
In digestion what role does the sphincter at the bottom of the stomach do?
It holds the food in the stomach until it is sufficiently digested then it opens to allow the food into the small intestine
In digestion what role does the small intestine do?
It holds the food from the stomach while bile from the gall bladder is added to neutralise stomach acid and emulsify fats (allow the to mix with water - similar to how washing up liquid works).
The small intestines also allow the smaller particles produced by digestion to pass through into the bloodstream.
In digestion what role does the large intestine do?
The large intestine receives waste food from the small intestine. It removes water from the waste food before it passes to the rectum.
In digestion what role does the pancreas do?
The pancreas produces lots of enzymes to aid digestion. These enzymes flow into the small intestine to get added to food after it leaves the stomach.
In digestion what role does the rectum do?
It is the lower part of the large intestine and holds faeces (poo) before it leaves the anus
In digestion what role does the anus do?
The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive system where faeces leave the body.
What are faeces made of.?
Undigested parts of food (e.g. fibre) and old cells.
What is the colon?
The colon is another name for the large intestine
What is the pharynx?
It is a flap of skin which covers the top of the trachea (windpipe) when you swallow so the food cannot go into the lungs.
What do digestive enzymes do?
They help to break down food without being used up themselves
List carbohydrates
Potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and other starchy carbohydrates
List some vegetables and fruit.
Broccoli, leak, strawberry, bananas, cucumber, mushrooms and peas Etc.
List some proteins
Baked beans, beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat, dairy etc.
What do oils do?
They store long term energy
What do carbohydrates do?
Carbohydrates are a source of long term energy.
What do vegetables contain?
Vitamins and minerals.
