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Myofascial > Year 2 Upper Body > Flashcards

Year 2 Upper Body Flashcards

1
Q

Deltoid Origins?

Anterior, middle, posterior.

A

Anterior division: anterior border and superior surface of lateral third of clavicle
Middle Division: lateral margin and superior surface of Acromion
Posterior division: lower edge of the crest of the scapular spine

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2
Q

Deltoid Insertion

A

Fibres converge inferiority to a short tendon - attaching to the deltoid tubercle on the lateral surface of the mid shaft of the humerus.

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3
Q

Deltoid nerve supply

A

Axillary nerve C5*,C6

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4
Q

Deltoids actions:
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

A

Anterior: verticals abduction, medial rotation and flexion
Middle: vertical abduction
Posterior: vertical abduction, lateral rotation and extension

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5
Q

Supraspinatus origin:

A

Medial two thirds of supraspinous fossa + supraspinous fascia

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6
Q

Supraspinatus insertion:

A

Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus + articulation capsule

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7
Q

Supraspinatus nerve supply:

A

Suprascapular nerve C5,C6

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8
Q

Supraspinatus action:

A

Abduction of shoulder with rotator cuff.

Stabilizer for the hemeral head within the glenohumeral fossa

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9
Q

Infraspinatus Origin:

A

Medial two thirds of the infraspinous fossa

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10
Q

Infraspinatus insertion:

A

Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

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11
Q

Infraspinatus nerve supply

A

Suprascapular nerve C5,C6

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12
Q

Action of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation of the humerus and stabilization of the humerus within the glenohumeral fossa

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13
Q

Teres minor origin:

A

Upper two thirds of Lateral border/dorsal aspect of scapula

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14
Q

Teres minor insertion:

A

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

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15
Q

Teres minor nerve

A

Axillary C5,C6

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16
Q

Teres minor Action:

A

Lateral rotation and weak adduction of the humerus and stabilization of the humerus within the glenohumeral fossa

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17
Q

Subscapularis origin

A

Medial two thirds of subscapular fossa (on the anterior scapula)

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18
Q

Subscapularis insertion:

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus and the front of the articulate capsule

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19
Q

Subscapularis nerve supply:

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves C5,C6

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20
Q

Subscapularis actions:

A

Medial rotation of the humerus and stabilization of the humerus within the glenohumeral fossa

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21
Q

Teres major origin:

A

Oval area on the dorsal surface of the inferior scapular angle

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22
Q

Teres major insertion:

A

Attached to the medial lip of the intertubercular groove (behind latissimus Dorsi tendon)

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23
Q

Teres major Nerve supply:

A

Lower subscapular nerve C5,C6,C7

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24
Q

Teres Major action:

A

Extension and medial rotation of the humerus

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25
Q

Upper Trapezius Origin:

A

Medial third of the superior Nichol line
External occipital protruberance
Ligamentum nuchae
Spices of the spinous processes and their supraspinous ligaments from C7-T12

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26
Q

Upper trapezius insertion:

A

Posterior border of the lateral third of clavicle

Middle to the medial acromial margin and superior lip of the crest of the scapular spine

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27
Q

upper trapezius nerve supply

A

Spinal pars of the accessory nerve

Sensory branches from the ventral rami C3-C4

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28
Q

Actions of Upper Trapezius

A

Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the head
Contralateral rotation of the head
Bilaterally extends the head
Bilaterally shrugs the shoulders

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29
Q

Pectoralis minor Origin:

A

Upper margins and outer surfaces of third - 5th ribs + fascia and from the fascia over the adjoining external intercostal muscles

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30
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion:

A

Medial border and the upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula.

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31
Q

Pectoralis minor nerve supply

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1

32
Q

Pectoralis minor actions:

A

Anterior draws scapular forward around chest wall,

Rotates scapula with levator scapulae and rhomboids

33
Q

Levator scapulae origin:

A

Transverse processes of the atlas and axis and posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae

34
Q

Levator scapulae Insertion:

A

Attaches to medial scapular border between its superior angle and the triangular smooth surface at the medial end of the scapular spine

35
Q

Levator scapula nerve supply:

A

Branches of third and fourth cervical spinal nerves and from the fifth cervical nerve via the dorsal scapular nerve

36
Q

Levator scapulae actions:

A

Rotation of the scapula to depress the point of the shoulder
Ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion of cervical spine.

37
Q

Middle traps are considered:

Lower traps are considered:

A

All points T1-T5

All points T6-T12

38
Q

Action of middle and lower traps?

A

Scapular retraction and stabilization

39
Q

Origin of rhomboid major

A

Spines and supraspinous ligaments of the second and fifth thoracic vertebrae

40
Q

Insertion of rhomboid major

A

Medial border of the scapula between the root of the spine and the inferior angle

41
Q

Nerve supply of rhomboid major

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C4/5

42
Q

Action of rhomboid major

A

Scapular retraction and stabilization

43
Q

Origin of rhomboid minor

A

Runs from the lower ligamentum nuchae + spines of C7 and T1

44
Q

Insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Triangular surface at the medial end of the spine of the scapula

45
Q

Nerve supply / action of rhomboid minor

A

Same as rhomboid major:
Dorsal scapular nerve C4/5
Scapular retraction + stabilization

46
Q

Origin of serratus posterior superior:

A

Arises by thin aponeurosis from lower part of nuchal ligament.
Spinous process of C7-T2/3 + supraspinous ligaments

47
Q

Insertion of serratus posterior superior:

A

Ends in 4 digitations attached to the upper borders and external surfaces of the second/third/fourth and fifth ribs.

48
Q

Nerve supply of serratus posterior superior:

A

Second to fifth intercostal nerves

49
Q

Action of serratus posterior superior :

A

Elevation of the ribs, accessory muscle of respiration

50
Q

Origin of serratus anterior:

A

Medial border of the scapula (ventral side)

  • encloses/attaches to superior triangle surface of scapula and coastal surface of superior scapula
  • costal surface of entire medial border of scapula
  • triangular impression on costal surface of inferior angle of scapula + tip of inferior angle
51
Q

Insertion of serratus anterior

A

Fleshy digitations attach anteriorly to the upper 8-10 ribs and the fasciae which covers the intervening intercostals

52
Q

Nerve supply of serratus anterior:

A

Long thoracic nerve C5-C7

53
Q

Action of serratus Anterior:

A
  • Protracts scapula with pectoralis minor
  • Upper fibres suspend scapula
  • lower fibres pull inferior angle forward (assisting trapezius in upward rotation)
  • holds scapula in position(prevents scap winging)
54
Q

Origin of Latissimus Dorsi:

A
  • spinous process of T7-T12
  • thoracolumbar fascia
  • SP + supraspinous ligaments of the lumbar and sacral vertebrae
  • posterior portion of iliac crest +outer lip
  • lower 3-4 ribs
55
Q

Insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus + expansion to deep fascia

56
Q

Nerve supply of latissimus dorsi:

A

Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8

57
Q

Actions of latissimus dorsi:

A

Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the humerus

-aids deep inspiration and forced expiration

58
Q

Origin of scalenes
Anterior
Medius
Posterior

A

Anterior:anterior tubercles of TVP’s c3-c6
Medius: TVP’s of C2-C7 (anterior tubercle of C2 / posterior tubercle of C3-C7)
Posterior: posterior tubercles of TVP’s of C4-C6

59
Q

Insertion of scalenes:
Anterior
Medius
Posterior

A
  • Anterior: scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib+ ridge on upper surface of the rib anterior to the groove for the subclavian artery
  • Medius: first rib Between tubercle of rib and groove for subclavian artery
  • Posterior: outer surface of 2nd rib behind tubercle for serratus anterior
60
Q

Nerve supply of Scalenes:
Anterior
Medius
Posterior

A

Anterior: ventral rami of 4-6th cervical spinal nerves
Medius: ventral rami of 3-8th cervical spinal nerves
Posterior: ventral rami of 6-8th cervical spinal nerves

61
Q

Action of scalenes:
Anterior
Medius
Posterior

A
  • Anterior: lateral flexion + elevation of 1st rib + accessory muscle of respiration
  • Medius: lateral flexion+ elevation of the 1st rib + muscle of quiet/normal respiration
  • Posterior: lateral flexion + elevation of 2nd rib + accessory muscle of respiration
62
Q

Origin/insertion of External intercostals:

A
  • 11 pairs extend from the tubercles of the ribs
  • blend with posterior fibres of the superior costotransverse ligaments
  • each muscle passes from lower border of rib to the upper border of the rib below
  • form an aponeurotic layer which extends to the sternum
63
Q

Nerve supply of external intercostals:

A

External intercostals are supplied by the adjacent intercostal nerve

64
Q

Action of external intercostals:

A
  • Stiffen chest wall

- prevent paradoxical motion during descent of the diaphragm in inspiration

65
Q

Origin/insertion of internal Intercostals:

A
  • 11 pairs begin anteriorly at sternum in the interspaces between cartilages of true ribs.
  • extend back to posterior costal angle
  • replaced by aponeurotic layer
  • each muscle descends from the floor of a costal groove and adjacent costal cartilage and inserts into the upper bored of the rib below.
66
Q

Nerve supply of internal intercostals:

A

Internal intercostals are supplied by the adjacent intercostal nerves

67
Q

Action of internal intercostals:

A

-act with external intercostals; however more active during expiration

68
Q

Origin of pectoralis Major:

A
  • Medial half of clavicle
  • half the breadth of the anterior surface of the sternum(to level of 6th costal cartilage)
  • 1st-7th costal cartilages
  • sternal end of 6th rib
  • aponeurosis of external oblique
69
Q

Insertion of the Pectoralis major:

A

-Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

-

70
Q

Nerve supply of Pectoralis major:

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves C5-T1
Clavicular division = C5-C6
Sternal division = C6-T1

71
Q

Action of Pectoralis Major:

A

-Adducts and medial rotates the humerus

72
Q

Origin of SCM:

A
  • The lateral surface of the mastoid process from its apex to its superior border
  • by thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior unchallenged line
73
Q

Insertion of SCM:

A

Head 1: sternal head anterior surface of the manubrium and sterni
Head 2: Clavicular head medial third of the clavicle

74
Q

Nerve supply of SCM:

A

Spinal part of the accessory nerve (CN 11)

-ventral rami of the 2nd,3rd,sometimes 4th cervical spinal nerves also enter the muscle

75
Q

Action of SCM:

A
  • ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • rotation of head (together)
  • raise head while supine
  • elevate thorax when head is fixed

Myofascial (4 decks)

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