Year 2 Pharmacology Flashcards
amoxicillin
antibiotic
beta-lactam antibiotic
methicillin
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
cefuroxime
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
benzylpenicillin
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
oxytetracyline
antibiotic
30s inhibitor
erythromycin
antibiotic
50s inhibitor
gentamicin
antibiotic
30s/50s inhibitor
rifampicin
antibiotic
DNA dependent RNApol inhibitor
trimethoprim
antibiotic
folate antagonist
sulfamethoxazole
antibiotic
PABA analogue - competitively inhibit folic acid production
vancomycin
antibiotic
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
colistin
antibiotic phospholipid detergent (polymyxin)
ciprofloxacin
antibiotic
topoisomerase II inhibitor
fusidic acid
antibiotic
bacterial translation inhibitor
NSAIDs
analgesic
COX inhibitors
acyclovir
antiviral
DNApol inhibitor
amantadine
antiviral (also some antiparkinsonian effects)
ion channel disrupter - prevents uncoating
diamorphine
analgesic
mu-opioid agonist
amprenavir
antiviral
protease inhibitor
phenoxymethylpenicillin
antibiotic
transpeptidase inhibitor
zidovudine
antiviral
thymidine analogue - NRTI
clotrimazole
antifungal (antimycotic)
lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis
fluconazole
antifungal (antimycotic)
lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis
nystatin
antifungal (antimycotic)
binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores
amphotericin
antifungal (antimycotic)
binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores
pyrimethamine
antimalarial
folate antagonist
quinine
antimalarial
harm-polymerase inhibitor
artemether
antimalarial
reactive metabolite generator
clobetasone
corticosteroid
griseofulvin
antifungal (antimycotic)
mitosis inhibitor
dacarbazine
chemotherapy
alkylating agent
cyclophosphamide
chemotherapy
alkylating agent
rituximab
biologic cancer treatment (+ immunosuppression in autoimmune disease treatment)
chimeric (murine/human) anti-CD20 antibody mediates B cell lysis
doxorubicin
anthracycline chemotherapy agent
binds DNA to inhibit topoisomerase II
cell cycle non-specific
paclitaxel
taxoid chemotherapy agent
microtubule hyperstabilisation agent
cell cycle specific
tamoxifen
SERM
5-fluorouracil
chemotherapy
pyramidine analogue - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
cell cycle specific
etoposide
chemotherapy
inhibits DNA topoisomerase I I= errors in DNA synthesis and apoptosis
cell cycle specific: S and G2
vinblastine
vinca-alkaloid chemotherapy agent
tubular polymerase inhibitor = mitotic arrest
cell cycle specific: M
imatinib
biologic cancer treatment
BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tretinoin
used for some dermatology conditions and for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)
vitamin A analogue ?MoA
primaquine
quinolone derivative antimalarial
?MoA - site of action: liver
chloroquine
antimalarial (largely ineffective due to widespread resistant strains)
harm polymerase inhibitor
sit of action: blood
mefloquine
antimalarial
phospholipid interacting schizontocide
site of action: blood
doxycycline
antimalarial and antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotic
?antimalarial MoA - site of action: blood
malarone
atovaquone + proguanil
combination antimalarial therapy
atovaquone
antimalarial
inhibits electron transport chain = decreased ATP synthesis
site of action: liver
proguanil
antimalarial
inhibits parasitic reproductive enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
site of action: liver
enalapril / lisinopril / ramipril / captopril
antihypertensive
ACEi
amiloride
potassium sparing diuretic
sodium channel blocker
furosemide
loop diuretic
inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in LoH
bendroflumethiazide
thiazide diuretic
inhibits sodium-chloride contransporter in DCT
chlortalidone
monosulfonamyl diuretic
inhibits sodium-chloride cotransporter in LoH
doxazosin
inhibits alpha1 adrenoreceptors (antagonist) on smooth muscle
site of action: vascular = antihypertensive
site of action: prostate = decreased hypertrophic growth
spironolactone
mineralocorticoid antagonist
potassium sparing diuretic
aldosterone receptor blocker in DCT
acetazolamide
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
cisplatin
chemotherapy
alkylating agent (DNA cross-linker)
cell cycle non-specific
methotrexate
folate antagonist
inhibits DNA synthesis (due to lack of purine and pyramiding production)
phenobarbital
anticonvulsant/sedative GABA agonist (barbiturate)
pethidine
analgesic
kappa opioid agonist
mannitol
osmotic diuretic
amphetamine
non-catecholamine sympathomimetic
warfarin
anticoagulant
vit K antagonist - competitively inhibits VKORC1
desogestrel / etonogestrel / levonorgestrel
synthetic progesterones
oxytocin
GPC agonist
induces labour
ethinylestradiol
synthetic estradiol (oestrogen hormone)
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 receptor agonist
used to: induce labour, treat postpartum haemorrhage, pregnancy termination
sodium valproate
anticonvulsant
GABA receptor agonist
ethanol
depressant
cocaine
anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and sodium channel blocker
lithium
sodium analogue
mood stabilising agent
thalidomide
immunomodulatory agent
teratogenic
testosterone
androgen hormone receptor agonist
somatropin
synthetic HGH receptor agonist
azathioprine
immunosuppressant
antagonist of purine metabolism
diclofenac
NSAID
celecoxib
specific COX-2 inhibitor
ciclosporin
immunosuppressant
cyclophilin binder
sulfasalazine
immunomodulator
?MoA
calcitonin
antagonises PTH action
enhances bone density
prednisolone
glucocorticoid receptor agonist
raloxifene
SERM
alendronic acid (alendronate)
bisphosphonate
digoxin
cardiac glycoside
sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor
diazepam
GABA receptor agonist
benzodiazepine
propofol
anaesthetic
GABA receptor modulator
lamotrigine
anticonvulsant
sodium channel inhibitor
carbamazepine
anticonvulsant
sodium channel inhibitor
phenytoin
anticonvulsant
sodium channel inhibitor
donepezil
reversible AChEi
suxamethonium
depolarising nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist
bromocriptine
ergot derived D2 agonist
gabapentin
anticonvulsant and analgesic for neuropathic pain
GABA analogue
selegiline
MAO B inhibitor
isoflurane
general anaesthetic agent
neuronal ion channel modulator: muscle relaxant plus analgesic
atracurium
non depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant
cholinergic ACh receptor antagonist
memantine
NMDA receptor antagonist
fentanyl
analgesic
mu opioid agonist
isoniazid
antibiotic
highly specific to mycobacterium as it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
ethambutol
antibiotic
specific to actively growing mycobacterium
?MoA
pyrazinamide
antibiotic
only effective against TB
multiple MoA
salbutamol
SABAgonist
salmeterol
LABAgonist
budesonide
ICS
montelukast
leukotriene receptor antagonist
ipratropium
anticholinergic bronchodilator
verapamil
class IV anti-arrhythmic voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor
diltiazem
calcium channel inhibitor
antihypertensive and anti-anginal
atenolol / propranolol / bisoprolol / betaxolol
beta adrenergic antagonist
atropine
antimuscarinic
inhibits M2 ACh receptor
GTN
vasodilator
amiodarone
anti-anginal and class III anti-arrhythmic potassium channel blocker
adenosine
endogenous nucleoside
restores sinus rhythm in PSVT
methylxanthines e.g. caffeine, theophylline
adenosine antagonists
lidocaine
anaesthetic and class Ib anti-arrhythmic blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels
chlorpromazine
psychotropic, sedative, antiemetic
antagonises D1-4, 5HT1-2, H1, alpha receptors and M1-2 cholinergic receptors
allopurinol
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
diphenoxylate / loperamide
antidiarrhoeal
mu opioid agonist
kaolin
antidiarrhoeal
a form of aluminium silicate: draws water from the bowel
isphagula husk
bulk-forming laxative
lactulose
osmotic laxative
ocreotide
somatostatin receptor agonist
bisacodyl
stimulant laxative
docusate sodium
stimulant / detergent laxative
hydrocortisone / cortisol / betamethasone / beclometasone
glucocorticoid
fludrocortisone
mineralocorticoid