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Phase I: ALS > Year 2 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Year 2 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

amoxicillin

A

antibiotic

beta-lactam antibiotic

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2
Q

methicillin

A

antibiotic

transpeptidase inhibitor

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3
Q

cefuroxime

A

antibiotic

transpeptidase inhibitor

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4
Q

benzylpenicillin

A

antibiotic

transpeptidase inhibitor

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5
Q

oxytetracyline

A

antibiotic

30s inhibitor

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6
Q

erythromycin

A

antibiotic

50s inhibitor

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7
Q

gentamicin

A

antibiotic

30s/50s inhibitor

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8
Q

rifampicin

A

antibiotic

DNA dependent RNApol inhibitor

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9
Q

trimethoprim

A

antibiotic

folate antagonist

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10
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A

antibiotic

PABA analogue - competitively inhibit folic acid production

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11
Q

vancomycin

A

antibiotic

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

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12
Q

colistin

A 
antibiotic
phospholipid detergent (polymyxin)
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13
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

antibiotic

topoisomerase II inhibitor

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14
Q

fusidic acid

A

antibiotic

bacterial translation inhibitor

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15
Q

NSAIDs

A

analgesic

COX inhibitors

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16
Q

acyclovir

A

antiviral

DNApol inhibitor

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17
Q

amantadine

A

antiviral (also some antiparkinsonian effects)

ion channel disrupter - prevents uncoating

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18
Q

diamorphine

A

analgesic

mu-opioid agonist

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19
Q

amprenavir

A

antiviral

protease inhibitor

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20
Q

phenoxymethylpenicillin

A

antibiotic

transpeptidase inhibitor

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21
Q

zidovudine

A

antiviral

thymidine analogue - NRTI

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22
Q

clotrimazole

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis

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23
Q

fluconazole

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

lanosterol 14-α-demethylase inhibitor - disrupts cell wall synthesis

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24
Q

nystatin

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores

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25
Q

amphotericin

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

binds to ergosterol to form cell wall pores

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26
Q

pyrimethamine

A

antimalarial

folate antagonist

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27
Q

quinine

A

antimalarial

harm-polymerase inhibitor

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28
Q

artemether

A

antimalarial

reactive metabolite generator

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29
Q

clobetasone

A

corticosteroid

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30
Q

griseofulvin

A

antifungal (antimycotic)

mitosis inhibitor

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31
Q

dacarbazine

A

chemotherapy

alkylating agent

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32
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

chemotherapy

alkylating agent

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33
Q

rituximab

A

biologic cancer treatment (+ immunosuppression in autoimmune disease treatment)
chimeric (murine/human) anti-CD20 antibody mediates B cell lysis

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34
Q

doxorubicin

A

anthracycline chemotherapy agent
binds DNA to inhibit topoisomerase II
cell cycle non-specific

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35
Q

paclitaxel

A

taxoid chemotherapy agent
microtubule hyperstabilisation agent
cell cycle specific

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36
Q

tamoxifen

A

SERM

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37
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

chemotherapy
pyramidine analogue - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
cell cycle specific

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38
Q

etoposide

A

chemotherapy
inhibits DNA topoisomerase I I= errors in DNA synthesis and apoptosis
cell cycle specific: S and G2

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39
Q

vinblastine

A

vinca-alkaloid chemotherapy agent
tubular polymerase inhibitor = mitotic arrest
cell cycle specific: M

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40
Q

imatinib

A

biologic cancer treatment

BCR-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor

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41
Q

tretinoin

A

used for some dermatology conditions and for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)
vitamin A analogue ?MoA

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42
Q

primaquine

A

quinolone derivative antimalarial

?MoA - site of action: liver

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43
Q

chloroquine

A

antimalarial (largely ineffective due to widespread resistant strains)
harm polymerase inhibitor
sit of action: blood

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44
Q

mefloquine

A

antimalarial
phospholipid interacting schizontocide
site of action: blood

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45
Q

doxycycline

A

antimalarial and antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotic
?antimalarial MoA - site of action: blood

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46
Q

malarone

A

atovaquone + proguanil

combination antimalarial therapy

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47
Q

atovaquone

A

antimalarial
inhibits electron transport chain = decreased ATP synthesis
site of action: liver

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48
Q

proguanil

A

antimalarial
inhibits parasitic reproductive enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
site of action: liver

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49
Q

enalapril / lisinopril / ramipril / captopril

A

antihypertensive

ACEi

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50
Q

amiloride

A

potassium sparing diuretic

sodium channel blocker

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51
Q

furosemide

A

loop diuretic

inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in LoH

52
Q

bendroflumethiazide

A

thiazide diuretic

inhibits sodium-chloride contransporter in DCT

53
Q

chlortalidone

A

monosulfonamyl diuretic

inhibits sodium-chloride cotransporter in LoH

54
Q

doxazosin

A

inhibits alpha1 adrenoreceptors (antagonist) on smooth muscle
site of action: vascular = antihypertensive
site of action: prostate = decreased hypertrophic growth

55
Q

spironolactone

A

mineralocorticoid antagonist
potassium sparing diuretic
aldosterone receptor blocker in DCT

56
Q

acetazolamide

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

57
Q

cisplatin

A

chemotherapy
alkylating agent (DNA cross-linker)
cell cycle non-specific

58
Q

methotrexate

A

folate antagonist

inhibits DNA synthesis (due to lack of purine and pyramiding production)

59
Q

phenobarbital

A 
anticonvulsant/sedative
GABA agonist (barbiturate)
60
Q

pethidine

A

analgesic

kappa opioid agonist

61
Q

mannitol

A

osmotic diuretic

62
Q

amphetamine

A

non-catecholamine sympathomimetic

63
Q

warfarin

A

anticoagulant

vit K antagonist - competitively inhibits VKORC1

64
Q

desogestrel / etonogestrel / levonorgestrel

A

synthetic progesterones

65
Q

oxytocin

A

GPC agonist

induces labour

66
Q

ethinylestradiol

A

synthetic estradiol (oestrogen hormone)

67
Q

dinoprostone

A

prostaglandin E2 receptor agonist

used to: induce labour, treat postpartum haemorrhage, pregnancy termination

68
Q

sodium valproate

A

anticonvulsant

GABA receptor agonist

69
Q

ethanol

A

depressant

70
Q

cocaine

A

anaesthetic and vasoconstrictor

noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and sodium channel blocker

71
Q

lithium

A

sodium analogue

mood stabilising agent

72
Q

thalidomide

A

immunomodulatory agent

teratogenic

73
Q

testosterone

A

androgen hormone receptor agonist

74
Q

somatropin

A

synthetic HGH receptor agonist

75
Q

azathioprine

A

immunosuppressant

antagonist of purine metabolism

76
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID

77
Q

celecoxib

A

specific COX-2 inhibitor

78
Q

ciclosporin

A

immunosuppressant

cyclophilin binder

79
Q

sulfasalazine

A

immunomodulator

?MoA

80
Q

calcitonin

A

antagonises PTH action

enhances bone density

81
Q

prednisolone

A

glucocorticoid receptor agonist

82
Q

raloxifene

A

SERM

83
Q

alendronic acid (alendronate)

A

bisphosphonate

84
Q

digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside

sodium potassium ATPase inhibitor

85
Q

diazepam

A

GABA receptor agonist

benzodiazepine

86
Q

propofol

A

anaesthetic

GABA receptor modulator

87
Q

lamotrigine

A

anticonvulsant

sodium channel inhibitor

88
Q

carbamazepine

A

anticonvulsant

sodium channel inhibitor

89
Q

phenytoin

A

anticonvulsant

sodium channel inhibitor

90
Q

donepezil

A

reversible AChEi

91
Q

suxamethonium

A

depolarising nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist

92
Q

bromocriptine

A

ergot derived D2 agonist

93
Q

gabapentin

A

anticonvulsant and analgesic for neuropathic pain

GABA analogue

94
Q

selegiline

A

MAO B inhibitor

95
Q

isoflurane

A

general anaesthetic agent

neuronal ion channel modulator: muscle relaxant plus analgesic

96
Q

atracurium

A

non depolarising skeletal muscle relaxant

cholinergic ACh receptor antagonist

97
Q

memantine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist

98
Q

fentanyl

A

analgesic

mu opioid agonist

99
Q

isoniazid

A

antibiotic

highly specific to mycobacterium as it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

100
Q

ethambutol

A

antibiotic
specific to actively growing mycobacterium
?MoA

101
Q

pyrazinamide

A

antibiotic
only effective against TB
multiple MoA

102
Q

salbutamol

A

SABAgonist

103
Q

salmeterol

A

LABAgonist

104
Q

budesonide

A

ICS

105
Q

montelukast

A

leukotriene receptor antagonist

106
Q

ipratropium

A

anticholinergic bronchodilator

107
Q

verapamil

A 
class IV anti-arrhythmic
voltage gated calcium channel inhibitor
108
Q

diltiazem

A

calcium channel inhibitor

antihypertensive and anti-anginal

109
Q

atenolol / propranolol / bisoprolol / betaxolol

A

beta adrenergic antagonist

110
Q

atropine

A

antimuscarinic

inhibits M2 ACh receptor

111
Q

GTN

A

vasodilator

112
Q

amiodarone

A 
anti-anginal and class III anti-arrhythmic
potassium channel blocker
113
Q

adenosine

A

endogenous nucleoside

restores sinus rhythm in PSVT

114
Q

methylxanthines e.g. caffeine, theophylline

A

adenosine antagonists

115
Q

lidocaine

A 
anaesthetic and class Ib anti-arrhythmic
blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels
116
Q

chlorpromazine

A

psychotropic, sedative, antiemetic

antagonises D1-4, 5HT1-2, H1, alpha receptors and M1-2 cholinergic receptors

117
Q

allopurinol

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitor

118
Q

diphenoxylate / loperamide

A

antidiarrhoeal

mu opioid agonist

119
Q

kaolin

A

antidiarrhoeal

a form of aluminium silicate: draws water from the bowel

120
Q

isphagula husk

A

bulk-forming laxative

121
Q

lactulose

A

osmotic laxative

122
Q

ocreotide

A

somatostatin receptor agonist

123
Q

bisacodyl

A

stimulant laxative

124
Q

docusate sodium

A

stimulant / detergent laxative

125
Q

hydrocortisone / cortisol / betamethasone / beclometasone

A

glucocorticoid

126
Q

fludrocortisone

A

mineralocorticoid

Phase I: ALS (3 decks)

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