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AQA A-Level Physics > Year 2 Nuclear Physics > Flashcards

Year 2 Nuclear Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom composed of?

A

Protons and neutrons

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2
Q

True or False: Protons have a positive charge.

A

True

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3
Q

Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A

Neutron

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4
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

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5
Q

What is the atomic number of an element equal to?

A

Number of protons

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6
Q

What is the mass number of an element equal to?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is the term for unstable nuclei that undergo radioactive decay?

A

Radioactive isotopes

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8
Q

What type of decay involves the emission of an alpha particle?

A

Alpha decay

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9
Q

What type of decay involves the emission of a beta particle?

A

Beta decay

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10
Q

What type of decay involves the emission of a gamma ray?

A

Gamma decay

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11
Q

What is the half-life of a radioactive isotope?

A

Time taken for half of the nuclei to decay

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12
Q

What is the equation for radioactive decay?

A

N = N0 * e^(-λt)

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13
Q

What is the unit for activity of a radioactive source?

A

Becquerel (Bq)

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14
Q

What is the unit for dose equivalent of ionizing radiation?

A

Sievert (Sv)

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15
Q

What is the term for the process of combining smaller nuclei to form a larger nucleus?

A

Nuclear fusion

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16
Q

What is the term for the process of splitting a larger nucleus into smaller nuclei?

A

Nuclear fission

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17
Q

What is the equation for energy released in nuclear reactions?

A

E = mc^2

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18
Q

What is the term for the minimum amount of fissile material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?

A

Critical mass

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19
Q

What is the term for the process of slowing down fast neutrons to increase the likelihood of fission?

A

Moderation

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20
Q

What is the material commonly used as a moderator in nuclear reactors?

A

Graphite

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21
Q

What is the term for the process of absorbing excess neutrons to control the rate of fission?

A

Control rods

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22
Q

What is the term for the reaction in which the nucleus absorbs a neutron and then splits into two smaller nuclei?

A

Nuclear chain reaction

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23
Q

What is the term for the energy released when a nucleus is split in a nuclear reaction?

A

Nuclear binding energy

24
Q

What is the term for the process of converting mass into energy in nuclear reactions?

A

Mass-energy equivalence

25
Q

What is the term for the process of recycling used nuclear fuel to extract more energy?

A

Nuclear reprocessing

26
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses liquid metal as a coolant?

A

Liquid-metal cooled reactor

27
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses molten salt as a coolant?

A

Molten salt reactor

28
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses pressurized water as a coolant?

A

Pressurized water reactor

29
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses gas as a coolant?

A

Gas-cooled reactor

30
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses supercritical water as a coolant?

A

Supercritical water reactor

31
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses fast neutrons and liquid metal coolant?

A

Fast breeder reactor

32
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses heavy water as a moderator and coolant?

A

CANDU reactor

33
Q

What is the term for the type of reactor design that uses light water as a moderator and coolant?

A

Light water reactor

34
Q

What is the term for the process of removing a neutron-absorbing control rod to increase the rate of fission?

A

Control rod withdrawal

35
Q

What is the term for a nuclear reaction in which the number of neutrons produced equals the number of neutrons absorbed?

A

Criticality

36
Q

What is the term for the process of converting stable isotopes into radioactive isotopes through neutron absorption?

A

Neutron activation

37
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions to generate electricity?

A

Nuclear power

38
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions to build nuclear weapons?

A

Nuclear weapon development

39
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for medical purposes?

A

Nuclear medicine

40
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions in research and development?

A

Nuclear research

41
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for industrial applications?

A

Nuclear industry

42
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for space exploration?

A

Nuclear space propulsion

43
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for food preservation?

A

Food irradiation

44
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for dating archaeological artifacts?

A

Radiocarbon dating

45
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for sterilization?

A

Sterilization by irradiation

46
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for smoke detectors?

A

Ionization smoke detectors

47
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for geological dating?

A

Radioisotope dating

48
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for power generation in space?

A

Space nuclear power

49
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for neutron radiography?

A

Neutron radiography

50
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for neutron activation analysis?

A

Neutron activation analysis

51
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear weapons testing?

A

Nuclear weapons testing

52
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear safeguards?

A

Nuclear safeguards

53
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for space power and propulsion?

A

Space power and propulsion

54
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear forensics?

A

Nuclear forensics

55
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear waste management?

A

Nuclear waste management

56
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear medicine imaging?

A

Nuclear medicine imaging

57
Q

What is the term for the process of using nuclear reactions for nuclear propulsion?

A

Nuclear propulsion

AQA A-Level Physics (12 decks)

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