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AQA A-Level Physics > Particles > Flashcards

Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nucleons

A

Protons and neutrons (what makes up a nucleus)

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2
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms with the same number of protons/electrons but different number of neutrons

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3
Q

what is an ion

A

they have unequal amount of protons and electrons

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4
Q

what is the specific charge equation

A

total charge/ total mass

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5
Q

how do you compare specific charge oof 2 nuclei

A

compare the proton number: mass number ratio of both of them

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of fundemental particles

A

quarks/ leptons

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7
Q

what are the 2 types of hadrons

A

baryons and mesons

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8
Q

what are baryons

A

made up of 3 quarks

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9
Q

what are mesons

A

made up of a quark and an anti quark

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10
Q

what can fundemental particles be described by

A

charge
baryon number
lepton number
strangeness

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11
Q

what are the 4 types of fundemental forces, what they’re typically involved in and if they have it, their exchange particle

A

electromagnetic (electric and magnetic fields) - gamma photon
gravitational (anything with a mass)
weak nuclear (beta decay/ decay of strange particles)- W+/-
Strong nuclear (nucleus/ production of strange particles)- Pion
strong nuclear is repulsive below 0.5fm, attractive between 0.5fm-3fm

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12
Q

quark composition of pions

A

neutral pion - uū
neutral pion - dď
positive pion - uď
negative pion - dū

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13
Q

quark composition of kaons

A

neutral kaon - sď
neutral kaon - dš
positive kaon - uš
negative kaon - sū

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14
Q

ionisation and distance of alpha radiation

A

strongly ionising
5cm through air/ paper

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15
Q

ionisation and distance of beta radiation

A

somewhat strong ionising
1m in air, few mm of aluminium

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16
Q

ionisation and distance of gamma radiaton

A

weakly ionising
few cm of lead, 1m concrete

17
Q

what happens in electron capture

A

nucleus absorbs one of the inner shell electrons, so a proton turns into a neutron- releases an electron neutrino

18
Q

what is always conserved in any interaction

A

charge
baryon number
lepton number

19
Q

what is not always conserved in any interaction and how does it differ

A

strangeness is conserved, when strange particles are produced (using the strong force(
it is not conserved, when strange particles decay (using the weak force)

20
Q

what 2 interactions have the same interaction, but different exchange particles

A

electron capture w+
electron- proton collision w-

21
Q

what is the equation for neutron neutrino collision and what is the exchange particle

A

neutron + electron neutrino -> proton + electron
W-

AQA A-Level Physics (12 decks)

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