Year 2 Mental Health Flashcards

Question

What are anxiolytics used for?

Answer 1

They act in the limbic system, making gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) more effective. To prevent or treat anxiety symptoms or disorders.

Answer 2

benzodiazepines, SSRI diazepam, clonazepam, lorazepam, alprazolam, oxazepam

Answer 3

dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, headache, sedation, nausea

Answer 4

Sedative-hypnotic drug products are a class of drugs used to induce and/or maintain sleep.

Answer 5

benzos, hypnotics, barbituates benzos - temazepam, triazolam, zopiclone non bentos - buspirone, propanalol

Answer 6

Behavior/Appearance - age, ethnicity, gender, what are they wearing, (is it appropriate) build, hair, eyes, clothing, identifying factors, how they are behaving Emotion (mood/affect) - mood, what they say, what you see, affect, and congruence Thought form and stream - speech (rate, volume, quantity), thought steam (poverty of ideas slow or hesitant), continuity of ideas (tangential, derailment, perseveration), language (word salad, clanging, unusual words) Thought content - delusions (grandiose), suicidal/self-harm, and homicidal ideation (current experiencing thoughts, have a plan, access to means) Perception - hallucinations (derealisation or depersonalization) Cognition - level of consciousness, GCS or AVPU, orientation to TPP, memory, concentration Insight - understanding of illness, adherence to treatment/medication Judgement - ability to make safe decisions Risks - summary of risks Impression - summary of symptoms Plan - what is the next step

Answer 7

sleep - normal bedtime and wake time, total sleep, falling asleep (how long does it take), waking (how often and why), sleep hygiene (warm, dark room), medications or routines, any changes enjoyment - hobbies, how they spend their free time mood - subjective,objective, congruent motivation - are they likely to complete ADLs, do they get out of bed for work, do they do additional tasks/hobbies appetite - how many meals do they eat, snacks, skip meals, normal meals, do they cook ADLs - shower, bath, how often, do they appear well kempt activity/energy - exercise, able to walk far, how far without being puffed, energy levels concentration/memory/attention - can they focus on the interview, can they still read/watch tv, short and long-term memory anxiety - do they currently feel anxious, is it normal, causes other issues - AOD, what drives this, how often, impact

Answer 8

A global problem with approximately one million deaths worldwide yearly. Mental health disorders, particularly mood disorders, substance use disorders, psychotic disorders, and antisocial disorders, account for up to 70% of suicidal and suicide attempts. Suicide is when someone takes their own life

Answer 9

1. major depressive disorder, a condition involving seriously depressed mood and other symptoms which affect all body systems and interfere significantly with a person's ability to carry out their daily living activities 2. dysthymic disorder - chronically depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least two years

Answer 10

bipolar type 1 disorder - marked symptoms of mania with at least 1 episode of depression bipolar type 2 disorder - recurrent bouts of major depression with episodes occurrence of hypomania

Answer 11

Mania is classified as an elevation, expansive, or irritable mood for at least one week. There is also significant impairment in social or occupational functioning

Answer 12

inflated self-esteem of grandiosity decreased need for sleep more talkative/pressure of speech flight of ideas/racing thoughts distractibility increase in goal-directed activity excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may have negative consequences

Answer 13

five or more symptoms over the same 2 week period and represent a change in functioning depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day markedly diminished interest or pleasure significant weight loss or gain, decrease or increase in appetite insomnia or hyper insomnia psychomotor agitationn or retardation fatigue or loss of energy feeling worthless or inappropriate guilt lack of concentration and/or indecisiveness recurrent thought of death or recurrent suicidal ideation

Answer 14

characterised by a major disturbance in thought perception, cognition, and psychosocial functioning and is one of the most severe mental disorder

Answer 15

1. delusions 2. thought disorder 3. hallucinations

Answer 16

Anhedonia - the diminished capacity to experience pleasant emotions Avolition - is a total lack of motivation that makes it hard to get anything done Aphasia - is a disorder that affects how you communicate Anergia - lack of energy alogia - a disruption in the thought process that leads to a lack of speech and issues with verbal fluency asociality - reduction in social initiative due to decreased interest in forming close relationships with others

Answer 17

Fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. persecutory - belief that one is going to be harmed or harassed by an individual or organization referential - belief that certain gestures, comments, and environmental cues are directed at them grandiose - when an individual believes that they have exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame erotomanic - an individual believes falsely that another person is in love with them

Answer 18

Perception-like experiences occur without an external stimulus. They are vivid and clear with the full force and impact of normal perceptions and are not under voluntary control. Auditory - experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the individual's thoughts visual - seeing something that isn't there

Answer 19

A disorder of cognitive organization, characteristic of psychotic mental illness, in which thoughts and conversation appear illogical and lacking in sequence and may be delusional or bizarre in content

Answer 20

Excessive fear and anxiety and related behavioral disturbances. anxiety is the anticipation of future threats.

Answer 21

1. generalized anxiety disorder 2. panic disorder 3. specific phobia 4. social phobia 5. obsessive-compulsive disorder 6. acute street disorder 7. post-traumatic stress disorder 8. agoraphobia

Answer 22

Development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to an extreme traumatic stressor involving the direct personal experience of an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or other threat to one's integrity or witnessing an event that involves death, injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of another person, or learning about unexpected or violent death, serious harm, or threat of death or injury experienced by a family member or close associate.

Answer 23

Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for a period of at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities. The individual finds it difficult to control the worry

Answer 24

Recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are severe enough to be time-consuming (they take more than one hour a day) or cause marked distress or significant impairments. obsessions compulsions rituals

Answer 25

Pancreases can no longer produce enough insulin to cope with increased glucose/insulin needs. no insulin is produced, and symptoms develop rapidly

Answer 26

glycosuria - the presence of reducing sugars in the urine polyuria - excessive urination polydipsia - increased thirst polyphagia - increased appetite weight loss

Answer 27

sweating shaking dizziness headache confusion

Answer 28

insulin resistance, the inability of the cells to respond normally to insulin and be able to access blood glucose. Reduced insulin secretion

Answer 29

glucose intolerance during pregnancy usually resolves after the birth increased risk of developing diabetes later in life

Answer 30

A serious diabetes complication is where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones). results from insulin deficiency so occurs most commonly in T1D causes insulin withdrawal MI,stroke, trauma or other medical stress infection IV fluids

Answer 31

Autonomic neuropathy (dizziness, syncope) - occurs when there is damage to the nerves that control automatic body functions. Eyes - retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma microangiopathy - cerebral infarcts, hemorrhage atherosclerosis - ischemic HD, MI gastrointestinal motility - delayed gastric emptying, diarrhea, constipation genitourinary tract - bladder stasis/infection, erectile dysfunction nephropathy - glomerulosclerosis, CKD peripheral vascular disease somatic neuropathy - abnormal sensory and motor function, foot ulcers

Answer 32

Any chemical entity that is used non-medically and is generally self-administered, through any route of administration for its positive psychoactive effect

Answer 33

alcohol cannabinoids opioids depressants stimulants hallucinogens

Answer 34

pre-contemplation - no intention of changing behavior in the near future (6 months approx), generally appearing unmotivated and resistant to change contemplation - individuals state their intent to change in the near future but are ambivalent about change preparation - individual intent to actively change within the next month or so, and preparation is, therefore, a transition from contemplation to action rather than a subtle state action - the individual is making changes or has done so recently maintenance and recycling - individuals maintain the gains made and prevent relapse

Answer 35

The unique combination of traits makes you an individual, including characteristics, behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and ways of thinking. Our personality manifests in our moods, attitudes and opinions and is clearly expressed when we interact with others

Answer 36

odd, eccentric, cold, withdrawn, suspicious 1. paranoid personality disorder 2. schizoid personality disorder 3. schizotypal personality disorder

Answer 37

dramatic, emotional, erratic behaviors 1. antisocial personality disorder 2. borderline personality disorder 3. histrionic personality disorder 4. narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 38

anxious, tense, over-controlled 1. avoidant 2. dependant 3. obsessive-compulsive 4. personality change due to another medical condition 5. other personality disorder: NOS

Answer 39

a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image and effects and marked impulsivity, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five or more of the following 1. frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment 2. a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation 3. identity disturbances: markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self 4. impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentially self-damaging 5. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats of self-mutilating behavior 6. affective instability due to a marked reactivity of mood 7. chronic feelings of emptiness 8. inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger 9. transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or serve dissociative symptoms

Answer 40

a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15yrs, as indicated by three or more of the following 1. failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest 2. deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure 3. impulsivity or failure to plan ahead 4. irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults 5. reckless disregard for the safety of self and others 6. consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations 7. lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another the individual is at least 18 yrs there is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15yrs

Answer 41

1. is borne of hope 2. is a journey defined by the individual 3. needs a supportive environment to thrive 4. involves individuals redefining who they are in the presence of a psychiatric label 5. is an active and ongoing process 6. is a non-linear journey 7. recovery skills can be learnt 8. involves a person educating themselves about their illness 9. learning to manage both internalised and external stigma an discrimination

Answer 42

a sign of shame, disgrace or disapproval, to shun or reject, ignorance, prejudice, discrimination

Answer 43

Is the systemic, unfair treatment of people because they are different, discrimination is a behavior that says to people with mental illness or addiction issues that "we don't want you here"

Answer 44

discrimination of families often blamed for illness lack of tolerance and understanding guilt and shame frustration that they cant "fix it"

Answer 45

lack of education feeling responsible, ashamed of the reputation more likely to wait to long before accessing services feeling helpless to fix their loved one and frustrated with MH services cant either

Answer 46

social avoidance and exclusion lack of tolerance and knowledge from public services reputations being inherited migrant populations

Answer 47

not being involved in clinical decisions lack of consultation exclusive treatment of individuals assumption of ignorance blamed for problem - child/adolescent

Answer 48

is the lasting adverse effects on persons or collectives functioning and mental, physical, social, emotional, or spiritual wellbeing caused by events, circumstances, or intergenerational historical traumatic experiences

Answer 49

A human service delivery framework based on knowledge and understanding of how trauma affects people.

Answer 50

provides a framework for the regulation of health practitioners in order to protect the public where there is a risk if harm from professional practice

Answer 51

Protects individuals by defining how organizations: collect personal information, hold personal information, use and disclose personal information

Answer 52

Rules for agencies in the health sector. it covers health information collected, used, held, and disclosed by health agencies and takes the place of the information privacy principles for the health sector

Answer 53

Enable persons to recieve compulsory treatment if they have a severe substance addiction and their capacity to make decisions about treatment for that addiction is severely impaired

Answer 54

To provide the courts with appropriate compulsory care and rehabilitation options for people who have an intellectual disability and who are charged with or convicted of an offence to recognize and safeguard the special rights of individuals subject to the act to provide for the appropriate use of different levels of care for individuals who, while no longer subject to the criminal justice system, remain subject to this act

Answer 55

1. autonomy (individuals have a right to self-determination) 2. beneficence (act for the benefit of the patient, do no harm) 3. nonmaleficence (there is an obligation not to inflict harm on others.) 4. justice (giving each person what he or she deserves) 5. veracity (requires that healthcare providers be honest in their interactions with patients) 6. fidelity (addresses a person's responsibility to be loyal and truthful in their relationships with others)

Answer 56

defines the rights of patients and proposed patients to provide protection for those rights, and generally to reform and consolidate the law relating to the assessment and treatment of person with a mental health illness

Answer 57

8 - compulsory assessment and treatment Any person may fill out the application form 9 - Assessment examination to be arranged and conducted

Answer 58

Further assessment and treatment for 5 days -If the mental health practitioner records a finding under section 10(1)(b)(ii), the mental health practitioner must require the patient to undergo further assessment and treatment throughout the first period. The mental health practitioner must give the patient written notice of this requirement.

Answer 59

Further assessment and treatment for 14 days - If the responsible clinician records a finding under section 12(1)(b)(ii), the clinician must require the patient to undergo further assessment and treatment throughout the second period. The responsible clinician must give the patient written notice of this requirement.

Answer 60

Community treatment orders - A community treatment order shall require the patient to attend at the patient’s place of residence or at some other place specified in the order for treatment by employees of the specified service, and to accept that treatment.

Answer 61

Inpatient orders - Every inpatient order shall require the continued detention of the patient in the hospital specified in the order or (where the patient is being detained at some other hospital) the admission of the patient and his or her detention in the hospital so specified, for the purposes of treatment, and shall require the patient to accept that treatment.

Answer 62

Powers of the nurse where urgent assessment required - any person who has been admitted to the hospital (not being a patient who is already subject to assessment or treatment under this Act) is acting in a manner that gives rise to a reasonable belief that he or she may be mentally disordered, or such a person is brought to a hospital; and (b) a nurse having immediate responsibility in the matter considers that— (i) there are reasonable grounds for believing that the person may be mentally disordered; and (ii) it may be desirable for the person to have an assessment examination urgently in the person’s own interests or the interests of any other person

Answer 63

Patients who have committed or allegedly committed a legal crime in the context of mental illness.

Answer 64

Refers to an individual being able to make a mentally competent plea in court regarding an alleged offense. The person making the plea must understand the consequences of the plea they are entering.

Answer 65

length of custodial sentence between prison and hospital remanded to hospital from the courts/prison unresolved legal issues and related outcomes index or alleged offense helplessness self stigma isolation traume medication non adherence

Answer 66

A group of thinking and social symptoms that interfere with daily functioning. Not a specific disease, dementia is a group of conditions characterised by impairment of at least two brain function, such as memory loss and judgement.

Answer 67

Alzeimers disease - 50-60% Vascular dementia - 20-30%

Answer 68

It is sudden, serve confusion and rapid changes in brain function that occur with physical or mental illness. Delirium is often caused by physical or mental illness and is usually temporary and reversible. Many disorders cause delirium, including conditions that deprive the brain of oxygen or other substances

Answer 69

Refers to a state of confusion at the end of the day and into the night. Is an increase or appearance of agitation/confusion and other behavioral symptoms in the late afternoon or early evening when the person is awake

Answer 70

the abilty of a persons brain to learn, think, solve problems, and make sense of the world. IQ whether the person has the skills he or she needs to live independently. adaptive behavior or adaptive functioning

Answer 71

Heredity alterations in embryonic development complications in pregnancy environmental and teratogenic influences post natal medical complications trauma and injury