year 2 grammar

Question 1

endings in -isme (french) e.g. le capitalisme

Answer 1

• tend to correspond to english words ending in -ism e.g. le capitalisme –> capitalism

Question 2

endings in -té e.g. l’utilité

Answer 2

• tend to correspons to english ending -ty e.g. l’utlité –> utility

Question 3

when to use passé composé

Answer 3

• completed actions
• consequences in the present
• interruption of another past action
• w/ depuis in the negative form

Question 4

when to use l’imparfait

Answer 4

• duration isn’t specified
• repetition/ habit in past
• general description
• simultaneously w/ another past event
• action in process followed by an interruption
• indirect speech (corresponds to the present)
• conditional after si
• with depuis
• attenuation: for politeness

Question 5

example of l’imparfait used for attenuation e.g. I wanted to borrow one of your books if that’s OK with you?

Answer 5

je voulais t’emprunter un livre si ça ne te dérange pas

Question 6

when to use plus-que-parfait

Answer 6

• after si (past action is prior to another past fact)
• priority relating to a fact (fact isn’t real and doesn’t take in the past – fact is emphasised using exclamation/ regret and is done)

Question 7

when to use the présent indicatif

Answer 7

• in Factual Statements to make statements of fact or certainty about a situation.
  Narration: Use the present indicative in narrative or storytelling to describe events as they unfold.

Question 8

when to use interrogative: comment

Answer 8

for the manner/ way

Question 9

when to use quand interrogative

Answer 9

the moment, date or period

Question 10

when to use combien interrogative

Answer 10

• for the quantity, number or degree

Question 11

when to use qui interrogative

Answer 11

for the identity of the person

Question 12

when to use jusqu’où interrogative

Answer 12

for the limit, extent, or scope of something

Question 13

when to use depuis quand interrogative

Answer 13

• for the beginning of a period

Question 14

when to use à quel point interrogative

Answer 14

for the degree or intensity

Question 15

when to use avec qui interrogative

Answer 15

for the person who accompanies or participates

Question 16

when to use avec quoi interrogative

Answer 16

for the tool, instrument or object that’s used

Question 17

what is an interronégative e.g. didn’t you do this work

Answer 17

• a total interrogative with a negative

Interronégative : Vous n’avez pas fait ce travail ? N’avez-vous pas fait ce travail ?

Question 18

responding to an interronégative with c’est vrai (that’s true)

Answer 18

• to say c’est vrai (it’s true) to an interronégative, respond w/ non
  e.g. N’avez-vous pas fait ce travail ? Non, je ne l‘ai pas fait

Question 19

translating ‘what’ when its a subject into interrogative

Answer 19

subject - qu’est-ce qui

Question 20

translating what when its a direct object into an interrogative

Answer 20

direct object - que/ qu’est-ce que/ quoi

Question 21

translating ‘what’ as an indirect object into an interrogative

Answer 21

indirect object - préposition + quoi e.g. à quoi…

Question 22

translating ‘what’ as an adjective into an interrogative

Answer 22

adjective - quel(s) / quelle(s)

Question 23

responding to a interronégative with ‘c’est faux’

Answer 23

• to respond w/ c’est faux (it’s not true) , respond with ‘si’

Question 24

what are the five past tenses in french

Answer 24

• perfect (passé composé)
• imperfect (imparfait)
• pluperfect (plus-que-parfait)
• past historic (passé simple)
• past anterior (passé antérieur)

Question 25

when to use the subjunctive

Answer 25

• to express a wish or order
• in circumstantial subordinate clauses beginning w/ “that” or expressing the goal, cause, consequence, opposition, concession, condition, hypothesis and temporality
• when the existence of object in uncertain or denied (subjunctive in negative form)

Question 26

example of the subjunctive when the existence of the object is uncertain e.g. I’m looking for a hotel with a tennis court

Answer 26

Je cherche un hôtel qui ait un terrain de tennis
- don’t know if such a hotel exists)

Question 27

circumstantial subordinate prepositions that take the INDICATIVE

Answer 27

• si bien que
• lorsque
• alors que
• après que
• parce que

Question 28

when to use the subjunctive passé

Answer 28

• expresses a wish or uncertainty about an completed action, prior to the time it’s expressed in the main sentence

Question 29

when to use the imperfect subjunctive and plus-que parfait subjunctive

Answer 29

• for literary use only and are only used in 3rd person in writing

Question 30

when to use the conditional

Answer 30

• a hypothetical
• politeness + respect when giving an opinion, request or advice
• express a reservation (e.g. in the press)
• the future of the past

Question 31

when to use the conditionnel passé

Answer 31

• hypothetical/ unrealistic fact
• criticism/ regret
• express a reservation about what you say (e.g. in journalism)
• future of the past

Question 32

conjuctive terms with si

Answer 32

• même si
• sauf si/ excepté si
• comme si

Question 33

categories of prepositions and conjunctions expressing hypothesis and condition

Answer 33

• to express an eventuality
• to express a restriction

Question 34

prepositions and conjunctions expressing hypothesis and conditions (expressing an eventuality)

Answer 34

au cas où + conditional
dans le cas où + conditional
dans l’hypothèse où / de+ conditional / noun
en supposant que + subjunctive
en admettant que + subjunctive
en imaginant que + subjunctive
à supposer que + subjunctive
en cas de + noun

Question 35

prepositions and conjunctions expressing hypothesis and conditions (express a restriction)

Answer 35

à condition que + subjunctive
pourvu que + subjunctive
à moins que + subjunctive (noun follows conjunction, then verb in subjunctive)

Question 36

si phrases when an action can happen in the present or future provided that another action happens

Answer 36

• si + present indicative + present
• si + present indicative + future
• si + present indicative + imperative

Question 37

si phrases when an action has happened or will happen provided that another action is carried out

Answer 37

• si + passé composé + passé composé
• si + passé composé + présent / futur

Question 38

si phrases that is located in the present or the future but the action envisaged is considered as an eventuality that has little chance of being carried out

Answer 38

• si + imperfect + present conditional

Question 39

si clause for a hypothetical in the past that one wants to express a result located in the present

Answer 39

si + plus-que-par + present conditional

Question 40

what does the future antériur describe

Answer 40

• The action will be completed before some time in the future.
• The action will be completed before another future action. (more often in the simple future)
  -the future past can also designate a past and completed action, in the form of a balance sheet.

Question 41

what is a COI

Answer 41

• indirect object
• the noun or pronoun that indirectly receives the action of the verb. It indicates to whom or for whom the action is done.
  It answers the question “to whom,” “for whom,” or “to what,” “for what” after the verb

Question 42

when to use qui

Answer 42

• introduce subordinate clause + followed by the verb
• used to replace/ refer to subject (of second sentence)

Question 43

when to use dont

Answer 43

• replace the complement of a noun, adjective, noun
• lit. mean de qui