FRENCH GRAMMAR

Question 1

direct object pronouns

Answer 1

me
te
le/ la/ l’
nous
vous
les

Question 2

indirect object pronouns

Answer 2

me
te
lui
nous
vous
leur

Question 3

reflected object pronouns

Answer 3

me
te
se/ s’
nous
vous
se/ s’

Question 4

tonic object pronouns

Answer 4

moi
toi
lui/ elle
nous
vous
eux/ elles
soi

Question 5

when to use y pronoun

Answer 5

• replace a thing, abstract noun, geographical noun preceded by à

Question 6

when to use lui following à

Answer 6

• replacing the noun of a person preceded by à
• use lui (for feminine or masculine singular)
• use leur (for feminine or masculine plural)
• it’s used without à and comes before the verb e.g. je lui téléphone

Question 7

when to use ‘en’ pronoun

Answer 7

• replacing a noun preceded by a partitive article (de/ du/ de la des) or indefinitve articles (un/ une/ des)
• when quantity is undetermined
• to replace a thing, abstract noun, geographic noun preceded by preposition ‘de’

Question 8

example of using ‘en’
e.g. j’ai peur de la mort and être content de quelquechose

Answer 8

• j’ai peur de la mort –> j’en ai peur
• être contente de qch –> j’en suis contente

Question 9

what are pronominal verbs

Answer 9

• verbs that need a reflexive pronoun before the verb

Question 10

when to use tonic forms w/ pronominal verbs

Answer 10

• for request:
• have to use the inversion of the pronoun and use the tonic form e.g. se promener–> promène-toi
• in negative form don’t use inversion or tonic pronoun form

Question 11

how to translate «what»

Answer 11

• it can be translated by two words the demostrative pronoun “ce “ and relative pronoun que

Question 12

when to use “quoi” as a pronoun e.g. He has nothing to hang on to

Answer 12

• when antecedent is an indefinite pronoun e.g. rien, quelque chose, tout etc. or has “ce” as a demostrative
• use “quoi” after the preposition Ex: Il n’a rien à quoi s’accrocher

Question 13

when to use “dont”

Answer 13

• when relative pronoun replaced is an object of the preposition de.
• used with verbs followed by de e.g.parler de
• to show possession e.g.Voici le livre dont je t’ai parlé

Question 14

when can’t you use “dont”

Answer 14

When the relative pronoun is the complement of a noun preceded by a preposition, we use the form duquel, de quoi, etc.

Question 15

order of french sentences w/ prepositions and antecedent

Answer 15

• Antécédent + préposition + nom + duquel/de laquelle

Question 16

what preposition goes before islands

Answer 16

à + island

Question 17

conjugating verbs ending in -cer

Answer 17

• c becomes a cedilla (ç) in the 1st person plural – the nous form

Question 18

passé simple/ historic endings

Answer 18

-ER: -IR: -RE:
-ai -is -us
-as -is -us
-a -it -ut
-âmes -îmes -ûmes
-âtes -îtes -ûtes
-èrent -irent -urent

Question 19

when is the passé simple usually used

Answer 19

-It is mainly used in narratives where a succession of actions is reported

Question 20

what is the plus-que-parfait

Answer 20

• similar to English equivalent (Had + past participle)
• conjugate w/ imperfect stem + past participle
• used to indicate an action or an event which precedes in time another past action/event

Question 21

what is the passé antérieur

Answer 21

• used only in texts that use the passé simple
• it is in written French only
• It is mainly used in clauses of time introduced by conjunctions e.g. when, when, as soon as, as soon as, after and barely … that.
• has the same value as the past perfect.
• can only use this tense when the verb in the main one is in the past simple

Question 22

what is the futur antérieur

Answer 22

• it is a tense used to express a future action that precedes another future action
• tells us what the subject will or shall have done

Question 23

how to conjugate futur antérieur

Answer 23

• conjugate the future tense of the helping verb ( avoir or être) + the past participle of the action being performed

Question 24

does exiger que take the subjunctive or the indicative

Answer 24

exiger que + subjunctive

Question 25

does espèrer que take the subjunctive or indicative

Answer 25

espèrer que + indicative

Question 26

en tant que vs comme e.g. as a student

Answer 26

• both mean ‘as’
• use en tant que when you mean ‘in the position of’ or ‘in the capacity of’ e.g. en tant qu’étudiant

Question 27

what is a complément circonstanciel de temps

Answer 27

• Le complément circonstanciel de temps indicates a moment
• it responds to the questions when and how long?

Question 28

what is a complément circonstanciel de manière et de moyen

Answer 28

• Le complément circonstanciel de manière
• is a often an abstract noun
• it designates the way, the manner in which the action takes place.
• It answers the question ‘How?’ answered after the verb

Question 29

find the complément circonstanciel de manière in this sentence: Il escalada les cinq mètres de corde sans difficulté

Answer 29

the complément circonstanciel de manière: sans difficulté

Question 30

what is a complément circonstanciel de lieu

Answer 30

le complément circonstanciel de lieu is abbreaviated CCL and indicates where the action happens

Question 31

what is the complément circonstanciel de lieu in this sentence: les enfants jouent sous la tente

Answer 31

the complément circonstanciel de lieu: sous la tente

Question 32

find the complément circonstanciel de temps in the sentence: Je vais aller au centre équestre samedi prochain

Answer 32

the complément circonstanciel de temps: samedi prochain

Question 33

what’s an indefinite pronoun

Answer 33

• pronoun that does not refer to any person, amount, or thing in particular, e.g. rien, Aucun(e), Autre(s), Personne, Quelque chose, Quelqu’un, Chacun(e)

Question 34

what is an antecedent

Answer 34

• the previously mentioned or implied word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun replaces e.g. he, she, they

Question 35

when to use quoi

Answer 35

• quoi is always neutral + is introduced by a preposition

Question 36

when to use dont

Answer 36

• complement of a verb followed by “de”
• complement of adj. followed by “de”
• complement of a noun followed by “de”
• can express a quantity and can be used instead of ‘parmi lesquels’ ‘parmi lesquelles’

Question 37

example of using ‘dont’ w/ complement of a verb followed by “de”
e.g. Catherine est mon amie. Je vous ai souvent parlé de mon amie

Answer 37

Catherine est l’amie dont je vous ai souvent parlé.

Question 38

example of dont used as a complement of an adj. followed by “de”
example: Ils ne sont pas contents de ce travail.

Answer 38

C’est un travail dont ils ne sont pas contents

Question 39

example of dont used as a quantity instead of ‘parmi lesquels’
Example: Ils ont trois grands enfants parmi lesquels deux sont médecins.

Answer 39

• Ils ont trois grands enfants dont deux sont médecins.

Question 40

how does lequel(s) and laquelle(s) work

Answer 40

• they replace objects and are used after prepositions like : sur, pour, par, avec, en, dans etc.

Question 41

translating what/ which

Answer 41

ce qui/ ce que/ ce dont