Year 13: Religion

Question 1

Name four key Protestant figures arrested by Mary

Answer 1

Cranmer
Latimer and Ridley
Hooper

Question 2

What did the Act of Repeal do which was passed by Mary’s parliament in 1553?

Answer 2

Undid all of the Edwardian Reformation
Revived mass and clerical celibacy
Implicitly reaffirmed the traditional doctrine of transubstantiation.
Restored the Church to what it had been in 1547

Question 3

Why did Mary’s parliament of 1553 refuse to repeal the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 3

Dispute over the ownership of monastic land

Question 4

When did Mary give up the title of Supreme Head of the Church?

Answer 4

Dec 1553

Question 5

MARY:

What did Mary’s Royal Injunctions of 1554 do?

Answer 5

They ordered Bishops to supress heresy, remove married clergy, restore Holy Days

Question 6

MARY:

What did the Second Act of Repeal 1553 do?

Answer 6

Undid all anti-Catholic legislation since 1529

Theoretically reverted the Church to what it had been before Henry’s reformation

Question 7

MARY:

Who did Mary name ArchBishop of Canterbury in 1555?

Answer 7

Cardinal Pole

Question 8

MARY:

What were the Twelve Decrees?

Answer 8

The Synod issued “Twelve Decrees” which listed rules on clerical discipline and against absenteeism, pluralism and simony.
Mary’s attempt to make a better Catholic Church

Question 9

Why might Archbishop Pole be described as more of a hindrance to Mary than a help?

Answer 9

Cardinal Pole argued with Pope Paul IV
He was stripped of his legate title
Pole was recalled to Rome to answer charges of Heresy- Mary refused to let him go and rejected his replacement as legate

Question 10

How Many Protestants did Mary burn?

Answer 10

280

Question 11

What obstacles prevented Mary fully re-establishing Catholicism?

Answer 11

Mary’s reign was brief
There weren’t enough Bishops to drive the counter-reformation
She didn’t use propaganda enough to publicise her successes- such as when important Protestants recanted there sins like Sir John Cheke
Pope Paul (who took over after Pope Julius) was anti-Hapsburg and so quarrelled with Mary and Pole

Question 12

How did Pole attempt to improve the education of the Catholic priests?

Answer 12

He gave them a newly edited Catholic New Testament and a new Book of Homilies

Question 13

How many copies of Edward’s Protestant prayer book still existed during Mary’s reign?

Answer 13

19,000

Showing she never properly repressed Protestant publications

Question 14

Why was the printing press such a problem for Mary?

Answer 14

There were only half as many printers in Mary’s reign because a number of Protestant printers had left. Pole’s waned all of the clergy to have all the publications they needed (New Testament, hymnals, Homilies) printers struggled to keep up with demand, and couldn’t produce propaganda materials too

Question 15

Who wrote the Book of the Martyrs?

Answer 15

John Foxe

Question 16

How many women did Mary burn for their sins?

Answer 16

51

Question 17

Why might the Marian burnings have backfired?

Answer 17

Had the opposite effect to that which was intended. Made Protestant sympathies stronger and meant people welcomed the Protestant Elizabeth

Question 18

What was Edward’s first religious reform/change?

Answer 18

The Protestant book of Homilies and Paraphrases

A collection of model sermons to be read by priests unable to preach by themselves

Question 19

Why did Edward repeal Henry’s Act of Six Articles?

Answer 19

Henry’s Six Articles had reinstated the 7 sacraments and denied the doctrine of transubstantiation- this was more Catholic than Protestant in tone

Question 20

Why was Edward unhappy with the First Book of Common Prayer?

Answer 20

Written by Cranmer but wasn’t Protestant enough for Edward. Some Historians have blamed Somerset for this as he deliberately diluted the Prayer book as he was busy in Scotland and couldn’t risk promoting uprisings.

Question 21

How did the Second Book of Common Prayer differ from the first?

Answer 21

It was much more Protestant. Edward was far more involved in the creation of this one.
It clearly states “spiritual presence” of Christ (very Calvinist)
Traditional robes were not to be worn by priests
Alters were to be replaced by communion tables
Sign of the cross was abolished

Question 22

How was the Chantries Act an attack on Catholicism?

Answer 22

The chantries were where money was collected for prayers for the dead- the Chantries Act was an attack on this belief

Question 23

Explain the function of the following:
Elizabeth’s Act of Supremacy
Elizabeth’s Act of Uniformity

Answer 23

Act of Supremacy- established the monarch as the head of the Church
Act of Uniformity- established a Protestant form of worship based on Northumberland’s 1552 prayer book

Question 24

Why was Elizabeth’s first act of supremacy rejected by Parliament?

Answer 24

It was rejected by the House of Lords who were more Catholic than Protestant.They compromised when the title was changed to Supreme Governor of the Church

Question 25

How do we know that the Elizabethan Act of Uniformity was not popular in the House of Lords

Answer 25

It only passed by 21 votes to 18- narrow victory

Question 26

What did the ELIZABETHAN Royal Injunctions do?

Answer 26

Filled in the gaps left by the settlement
Ordered the clergy to support the Supremacy and preach against papal authority
Condemned images and relics

Question 27

Why did the Crucifix controversy happen?

Answer 27

Because Elizabeth attempted to restore Crucifixes into all chapels
Caused two of her most important Bishops to threaten to quit

Question 28

Why did the Vestment issue happen?

Answer 28

Elizabeth insisted that Protestant priests wear Catholic looking vestments- possibly because this was her own personal preference
Elizabeth instructed her ArchBishop Parker to enforce clerical dress- he wrote the Advertisings

Question 29

Who wrote the Advertisings enforcing clerical vestments?

Answer 29

Archbishop Parker

Question 30

When was England excommunicated?

Answer 30

1570

Question 31

Why did Elizabeth make concessions to the Catholics between 1559-1563?

Answer 31

Because it was a way to ensure security domestically and reduce the opportunity for foreign Catholic countries to interfere

Question 32

Why did Elizabeth become harsher on the Catholics from 1570 onwards?

Answer 32

The Pope excommunicated her
The arrival of Mary Queen of Scots into England
The Northern Rebellion
The arrival of Jesuit priests into England from 1574

Question 33

What impact did the Papal Bull of 1570 have?

Answer 33

Excommunicated Elizabeth
Made “duel loyalty” impossible
Sent Elizabeth down a more Protestant road

Question 34

What were the 39 articles?

Answer 34

Part of the Elizabethan Religious settlement
Based on Cranmer’s 42 Articles
Protestant in tone

Question 35

Why did Elizabeth refuse to discuss religion after the 1559 settlement?

Answer 35

She does not want it to become a focus for her reign
She witnessed the strength of Catholic sympathies during the discussions in Parliament regarding the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity

Question 36

Why did Elizabeth attack Prophesying’s/ Evangelising?

Answer 36

She believed that open discussion about religion could undermine her settlement
She believes large groups of commoners meeting could lead to uprisings
She wants to enforce her religion through Bishops- if people are allowed to preach who do not enforce the Supremacy- this could threaten her power

Question 37

What are Recusants?

Answer 37

Catholics who refuse to attend Elizabeth’s Church
Once the Jesuits arrive- she clamps down on them- banning than from moving further than 5 miles away from their homes to stop them moving to avoid fines and imprisonment

Question 38

Which group took part in/lead Prophesyings?

Answer 38

The Presbyterians. They were meetings called to discuss the scriptures