Year 12: Religion

Question 1

What religion was Henry VII?

Answer 1

Committed Catholic

Question 2

Pre-Reformation Church:

Define Simony

Answer 2

The practice of selling positions in the Church rather than giving them to the most qualified

Question 3

Pre-Reformation Church:

Define Pluralism

Answer 3

When priests held more than one position in the Church

Was criticised as they couldn’t do both jobs properly

Question 4

Pre-Reformation Church:

Define Absenteeism

Answer 4

When priests/Bishops had positions in the Church but never visited the diocese. They would still collect the wages though

Question 5

Why were SOME people anti-clerical before the Reformation

Answer 5

Because they believed the priests and clergy were not good enough or corrupt- accusations of sexual misconduct, absenteeism, simony and pluralism
Lack of education of the priests

Question 6

Was anti-clericalism widespread before the Reformation?

Answer 6

No

Only a few ever spoke out about it

Question 7

Who was the man who gave a lecture criticising the clergy in the church in 1511?

Answer 7

John Colet

Question 8

What did the Hunne affair show about the Church before the reformation?

Answer 8

Hunne was arrested for not paying the mortuary fees following the death of his son
Was found hanged in his cell
Caused spike in anti-clericalism as many suspected the Church was behind his death as he was too controversial

Question 9

Was anti-papalism widespread before the Reformation?

Answer 9

No

More common in Europe- the Pope had minimal control of the English church anyway!

Question 10

In what way was Wolsey a negative role model in the Church?

Answer 10

Guilty of absenteeism and pluralism
Had illegitimate children
Some criticised his close link with the Pope due to him being Papal Legate- particularly those who disliked the Pope having any power in England

Question 11

Would England have become Protestant without Henry’s pursuit of the divorce?

Answer 11

Probably not- we know that support for the Catholic Church was still very strong in England before the Reformation

Question 12

What was Henry’s “great matter”?

Answer 12

His pursuit of the divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Question 13

Why did Henry want to divorce Catherine?

Answer 13

Lack of male heir/Catherine’s age

Love for Anne Bolyen

Question 14

What public reason did Henry give for the divorce?

Answer 14

Belief that the marriage was cursed due to Catherine’s previous marriage to Arthur
Leviticus Bible passage

Question 15

What was the name of the trial in which Cardinal Campeggio decided he could not make the decision about the divorce?

Answer 15

Blackfriars Trial

Question 16

What was the name of the Cardinal sent by Rome to “decide” on Henry’s case for his divorce?

Answer 16

Campeggio

Question 17

What barriers prevented him achieving the divorce?

Answer 17

Weakness of the Leviticus argument
Wolsey’s inability to challenge Rome
The power of Charles V and Spain
Catherine’s defence of herself

Question 18

Reformation Parliament:

What was the first Act passed by parliament to begin the process of separating with Rome?

Answer 18

Act of Annates

Question 19

Which Act passed by parliament established Henry as the head of his own Church?

Answer 19

Act of Supremacy

Question 20

In which year did the Reformation Parliament begin?

Answer 20

1532

Question 21

In which year was the Act of Supremacy passed?

Answer 21

1534

Question 22

Which Act passed by Parliament enforced the Act of Supremacy and prevented people speaking our against Henry’s new power?

Answer 22

Treason Act 1534

Question 23

Which Act passed by Parliament bastardised Princess Mary?

Answer 23

Act of Succession

Question 24

Which Act passed by Parliament prevented anyone from communicating with Rome?

Answer 24

Act in Restraint of Appeals

Question 25

What is the name for the beliefs and practices of a religion?

Answer 25

Doctrine

Question 26

What are the two main beliefs of the Catholic Church?

Answer 26

7 Sacraments

Transubstantiation

Question 27

Doctrine of Henry’s new Church:

What did the Ten Articles do?

Answer 27

Henry’s first step towards Protestantism in 1536

Removed 4 of the sacraments and kept only 3 (baptism, the Euchrist and penance)

Question 28

Doctrine of Henry’s new Church:

What did Cromwell’s injunctions do?

Answer 28

Ordered clergy to:
Defend the Royal Supremacy
Abandon Pilgrimage, saints etc
Teach the new doctrine of the Church

His second set of injunctions went further:
Ordered English Bibles to be placed in all Churches
Relics removed from Churches
People actively discouraged from pilgrimages

Question 29

Doctrine of Henry’s new Church:

What did the Six Articles do?

Answer 29

Radical change in Henry’s doctrine and a clear step back towards Catholicism:
Confirmed Transubstantiation
Allowed private mass and confession to Priests
Banned marriage of priests

Included severe punishments for those who went against the Act
The Act became known as the “whip with six strings!”

Question 30

Why was Anne Askew burned in 1546?

Answer 30

For denying transubstantiation

This proved Henry’s doctrine was still Catholic at the end of his reign

Question 31

Was the dissolution of the monasteries a purely religious decision?

Answer 31

Unlikely considering the time frame
The dissolution happened when Henry was reversing his Protestant doctrine and moving back towards Catholicism
Yet Henry dissolved Catholic monasteries- motivated by money/land

Question 32

How did the dissolution of the monasteries impact the gentry?

Answer 32

Gave them access to significantly more land to buy

More opportunities for Patronage

Question 33

In what year did Henry begin dissolving the Lesser Monasteries?

Answer 33

1536

Question 34

What kind of monastery was considered a “lesser” monastery?

Answer 34

Those worth under £200

Question 35

In what year did Henry begin dissolving the Greater Monasteries?

Answer 35

1539

Question 36

What was the name of the book compiled by Cromwell which surveyed the worth of the monasteries?

Answer 36

Valor Ecclesiasticus

Question 37

What was the name of the book written by Henry in 1521 to defend the Catholic Church from the new Luteran ideas?

Answer 37

Assertio Septem Sacromentorum

In Defence of the Seven Sacraments

Question 38

What was the Act for the Advancement of True Religion passed in 1543?

Answer 38

Restricted access to the English Bible following fears that lower classes may be more likely to rebel if they read ideas of equality in the eyes of God