Year 12- British Empire 1857-1967

Question 1

What were the reasons for British expansion in Africa

Answer 1

Trade and the economy
Personal influence- merchant imperialist, Cecil Rhodes
Strategic factors
Moral factors - Christian missionaries

Question 2

How did British expansion change in Africa from 1857-1890

Answer 2

1857-1890 period, Britain was more reactive to initiative powers like France.
Purpose of trade and strategic value
Sought to define their control via charter - British claims
GENERALLY CAUTIOUS
1890 accelerated

Question 3

How did Britain establish control in Egypt

Answer 3

British money + support helped Egypt after Ismailis economic mismanagement- BPM Disraeli, stepped forward

Question 4

To what extent was imperial and colonial policy in the years 1857-90 influenced by international pressure

Answer 4

Agree
-Impact of Indian mutiny 1857- Government of India Act,1858, strengthened British army to 70,000
1884-Russian had taken boarders in Afghan,naval building programs France and Russia
French -1860s control indo China
RESULTED IN-Brussels and Berlin conference1884-1885

Question 5

To what extent was imperial and colonial policy in the years 1857-90 influenced by international pressure
Part 2

Answer 5

Disagree

• Impact of Great Depression
• Moral factors- Christian missionaries
• personal influence -merchant imperialist like Cecil Rhodes

Question 6

What did the Berlin conference (1884-1885) achieve

Answer 6

Legitimised colonisation of Africa
Africa divided up(90% by 1900)
Boost to resources/industry of European powers
Avoided conflict between European powers over African territory
Showed evidence of effective occupation

Question 7

How significant a role men on the spot play in promoting Britain’s empire

Answer 7

Extension of territory- George Goldie, asserted rights proclaim a protectorate over Niger
Growth of trade - Cecil Rhodes,90% of global diamond production
Extension of political -Sir Evelyn Baring, approved Dufferin report 1883 in Egypt which established British supervision

Question 8

“Attitude towards imperialism in Britain in the years 1857 to 1890 reflected one sided and narrow minded outlook”
Assess the validity of this view
Part 1-negative aspects

Answer 8

Negative aspects
Resisted calls to secure new territories, withheld charters
1865- Parliament recommended withdrawal from BWA settlements
Slow communication

Question 9

Attitude towards imperialism in Britain in the years 1857 to 1890 reflected one sided and narrow minded outlook”
Assess the validity of this view
Positive outlook
Part 2

Answer 9

Political conflict - Disraeli and Gladstone,
Disraeli -1867 reform act helped conservative enthusiasm
Annexing Boer republic of Transvaal 1877
Gladstone-critical of foreign and imperial policies
1886 Home Rule Bill for Ireland - reluctant imperialist status

Question 10

Name some of the initial acquisition of territory

Answer 10

Integrated Transvaal British Union of South Africa 1902

Northern Nigeria 1855- ROYAL NIGER COMPANY converted into British colony 1900

Question 11

What expansions occur in tropical Africa

Answer 11

Treaties -establish claim to Nigeria via agreement with French 1890
Intimidation - Ugandan railway used to consolidate power
War-campaign in Sudan