Year 11 Biology Vocab - genetics

Question 1

Deoxyribose nucleic acid. The chemical that makes up chromosomes.

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

The alternative forms of a gene.

Answer 2

Allele

Question 3

A section of a chromosome that codes for a particular trait (feature) of an organism.

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

The two genes an organism expresses for a trait (feature). Represented by letters.

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

The physical appearance of a trait as shown by an organism.

Answer 5

Phenotype

Question 6

The general name for any sex cell, male or female, plant or animal.

Answer 6

Gamete

Question 7

The moment when an egg and sperm (or pollen) cell meet.

Answer 7

Fertilisation

Question 8

Structures in the nucleus of cells which carry the genetic code. They are made up of genes.

Answer 8

Chromosomes

Question 9

A matching pair of chromosomes, one that comes from the father, the other from the mother.

Answer 9

Homologous chromosomes

Question 10

Biological name for a fertilised egg.

Answer 10

Zygote

Question 11

The name given when two alleles for a trait are different eg Bb

Answer 11

Heterozygous

Question 12

The name given when both alleles for a trait are the same eg BB or bb.

Answer 12

Homozygous

Question 13

These alleles must both be present for a trait to be expressed by an organism.

Answer 13

Recessive alleles

Question 14

Cell division that occurs for the growth and repair of body cells

Answer 14

Mitosis

Question 15

. Cell division that occurs for the production of sex cells (gametes).

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

Producing offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent offspring.

Answer 16

Cloning

Question 17

Organisms with desirable traits are chosen in each generation and used to breed from.

Answer 17

Selective breeding

Question 18

The modification of the genes of other organisms by humans.

Answer 18

Genetic engineering