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Chemistry > Year 10 structure & Bonding (core questions) > Flashcards

Year 10 structure & Bonding (core questions) Flashcards

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1
Q

Why do atoms form ions?

A

To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure

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2
Q

How do group 1 atoms form ions?

A

Lose 1 electron

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3
Q

What is the charge on a group 1 ion?

A

+1

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4
Q

How do group 2 atoms form ions?

A

Lose 2 electrons

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5
Q

What is the charge on a group 2 ion?

A

+2

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6
Q

How do group 7 atoms form ions?

A

Gain 1 electron

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7
Q

What is the charge on a group 7 ion?

A

-1

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8
Q

How do group 6 atoms form ions?

A

Gain 2 electrons

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9
Q

What is the charge on a group 6 ion?

A

-2

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10
Q

In chemistry, what is a species?

A

A particle

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11
Q

What is an electrostatic force?

A

An attraction between positive and negative species

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12
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions

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13
Q

How do ionic bonds form?

A

Electron(s) transferred from metal atom to non-metal atom

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14
Q

What is a lattice?

A

A regular giant 3D structure

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15
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

A

A giant ionic lattice

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16
Q

What type of bond is formed between a metal atom and a non-metal atom?

A

Ionic

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17
Q

What happens when a substance melts?

A

Forces or bonds between particles are overcome

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18
Q

Why do different substances have different melting points?

A

Forces or bonds between particles may be weaker or stronger

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19
Q

What is the melting point of an ionic substance?

A

High

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20
Q

Give two reasons why ionic substances have a high melting point

A

Giant structure and strong ionic bonds

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21
Q

What is needed to allow a substance to conduct electricity?

A

Mobile charged particles

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22
Q

Do ionic substances conduct electricity when solid?

A

No

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23
Q

What can you do to an ionic substance to make it conduct electricity?

A

Melt it or dissolve it

24
Q

Why don’t solid ionic substances conduct electricity?

A

Ions are fixed in position

25
Q

What feature of molten or dissolved ionic substances allow them to conduct electricity?

A

Ions can move

26
Q

How do molten or dissolved ionic substances conduct electricity?

A

Mobile ions carry the charge

27
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons

28
Q

How do two non-metal atoms combine?

A

By sharing electrons

29
Q

What type of atoms combine using covalent bonds?

A

Non metals

30
Q

How does a covalent bond form?

A

Two non-metal atoms share electrons

31
Q

Why do non-metal atoms share electrons?

A

To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure

32
Q

Name two types of covalent structure

A

Simple molecular and giant covalent

33
Q

What is a simple molecular structure?

A

Consists of small molecules

34
Q

In a simple molecular structure what type of bond is found within the molecules?

A

Covalent

35
Q

What is an intermolecular force?

A

A weak attraction between molecules

36
Q

When a simple molecular substance melts, what is overcome?

A

Intermolecular forces, the molecules separate from one another

37
Q

What happens to covalent bonds when a simple molecular substance melts?

A

Nothing: the molecules separate

38
Q

What is a giant covalent structure?

A

A regular 3D structure consisting of many non-metal atoms

39
Q

Name three giant covalent structures

A

Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide

40
Q

Which element forms graphite and diamond?

A

Carbon

41
Q

In graphite how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?

A

3

42
Q

In diamond, how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?

A

4

43
Q

Give three properties of diamond

A

Hard, high melting point, does not conduct electricity

44
Q

Give four properties of graphite

A

Soft, slippery, high melting point, conducts electricity

45
Q

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

A

Delocalised electrons carry charge through the structure

46
Q

Why do diamond and graphite have high melting temperatures?

A

Many strong covalent bonds must be broken

47
Q

Why is graphite slippery?

A

Layers can slide over each other

48
Q

What is graphene?

A

A single layer of graphite

49
Q

Give two properties of graphene

A

Conducts electricity, very strong

50
Q

What is a fullerene?

A

Molecules of several carbon atoms with hollow shapes

51
Q

What shape can fullerenes be?

A

Tubes or spheres

52
Q

What is a nanotube?

A

A cylindrical fullerene

53
Q

Give two properties of nanotubes

A

Very strong, conducts electricity

54
Q

Give three uses of fullerenes

A

Lubricants, drug delivery, electronics

55
Q

Why can spherical fullerenes be used a lubricants?

A

They can roll

Chemistry (4 decks)

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