Year 10 structure & Bonding (core questions) Flashcards
Why do atoms form ions?
To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure
How do group 1 atoms form ions?
Lose 1 electron
What is the charge on a group 1 ion?
+1
How do group 2 atoms form ions?
Lose 2 electrons
What is the charge on a group 2 ion?
+2
How do group 7 atoms form ions?
Gain 1 electron
What is the charge on a group 7 ion?
-1
How do group 6 atoms form ions?
Gain 2 electrons
What is the charge on a group 6 ion?
-2
In chemistry, what is a species?
A particle
What is an electrostatic force?
An attraction between positive and negative species
What is an ionic bond?
An electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions
How do ionic bonds form?
Electron(s) transferred from metal atom to non-metal atom
What is a lattice?
A regular giant 3D structure
What is the structure of ionic compounds?
A giant ionic lattice
What type of bond is formed between a metal atom and a non-metal atom?
Ionic
What happens when a substance melts?
Forces or bonds between particles are overcome
Why do different substances have different melting points?
Forces or bonds between particles may be weaker or stronger
What is the melting point of an ionic substance?
High
Give two reasons why ionic substances have a high melting point
Giant structure and strong ionic bonds
What is needed to allow a substance to conduct electricity?
Mobile charged particles
Do ionic substances conduct electricity when solid?
No
What can you do to an ionic substance to make it conduct electricity?
Melt it or dissolve it
Why don’t solid ionic substances conduct electricity?
Ions are fixed in position
What feature of molten or dissolved ionic substances allow them to conduct electricity?
Ions can move
How do molten or dissolved ionic substances conduct electricity?
Mobile ions carry the charge
What is a covalent bond?
A shared pair of electrons
How do two non-metal atoms combine?
By sharing electrons
What type of atoms combine using covalent bonds?
Non metals
How does a covalent bond form?
Two non-metal atoms share electrons
Why do non-metal atoms share electrons?
To get a full outer shell/noble gas electron structure
Name two types of covalent structure
Simple molecular and giant covalent
What is a simple molecular structure?
Consists of small molecules
In a simple molecular structure what type of bond is found within the molecules?
Covalent
What is an intermolecular force?
A weak attraction between molecules
When a simple molecular substance melts, what is overcome?
Intermolecular forces, the molecules separate from one another
What happens to covalent bonds when a simple molecular substance melts?
Nothing: the molecules separate
What is a giant covalent structure?
A regular 3D structure consisting of many non-metal atoms
Name three giant covalent structures
Diamond, graphite and silicon dioxide
Which element forms graphite and diamond?
Carbon
In graphite how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?
3
In diamond, how many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form?
4
Give three properties of diamond
Hard, high melting point, does not conduct electricity
Give four properties of graphite
Soft, slippery, high melting point, conducts electricity
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
Delocalised electrons carry charge through the structure
Why do diamond and graphite have high melting temperatures?
Many strong covalent bonds must be broken
Why is graphite slippery?
Layers can slide over each other
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite
Give two properties of graphene
Conducts electricity, very strong
What is a fullerene?
Molecules of several carbon atoms with hollow shapes
What shape can fullerenes be?
Tubes or spheres
What is a nanotube?
A cylindrical fullerene
Give two properties of nanotubes
Very strong, conducts electricity
Give three uses of fullerenes
Lubricants, drug delivery, electronics
Why can spherical fullerenes be used a lubricants?
They can roll
