Year 10- environmental chemistry

Question 1

What is an alkane?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbon with single bonds only

Question 2

Name the first four alkanes?

Answer 2

Methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 3

What is the general formula of an alkane?

Answer 3

CnH2n2

Question 4

What is meant by saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 4

Single covalent bonds only

Question 5

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

Answer 5

Covalent bonds: C-c single bonds and C-H bonds

Question 6

What is an homologous series?

Answer 6

Family of organic compounds

Question 7

What is an alkene?

Answer 7

Hydrocarbon with a C=C double bond

Question 8

What is meant by unsaturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 8

Contains C=C double bonds

Question 9

What is the general formula for an alkene?

Answer 9

CnH2n

Question 10

What are alkenes used for?

Answer 10

Making polymers

Question 11

What are monomers?

Answer 11

Small molecules that can be joined together to make chains

Question 12

What is a polymer?

Answer 12

Large chain molecule formed from monomers

Question 13

What type of bond connects atoms in polymers?

Answer 13

Strong covalent bonds

Question 14

Why are polymers usually solids at room temperature?

Answer 14

Large molecules

Question 15

What chemical is used to test for a C=C double bond?

Answer 15

Bromine Water

Question 16

What is the colour change when bromine water is added to an alkene?

Answer 16

Turns from orange to colourless

Question 17

What happens when bromine water is added to an alkane?

Answer 17

Colour stays orange

Question 18

What is cracking?

Answer 18

Splitting a long chain hydrocarbon into shorter chains

Question 19

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 19

Short chain alkane and alkene

Question 20

Name the two types of cracking

Answer 20

Catalytic cracking and steam cracking

Question 21

What are the conditions for catalytic cracking?

Answer 21

Catalyst and high temperature

Question 22

What are the conditions for steam cracking?

Answer 22

Steam and high temperature

Question 23

What is reactivity?

Answer 23

How vigorously a chemical reacts

Question 24

How can metals be ordered by their reactivity?

Answer 24

By comparing their reactions with oxygen, water and acids

Question 25

In terms of oxygen, what is oxidation?

Answer 25

Addition of oxygen

Question 26

Name three very reactive metals?

Answer 26

Any Group 1 – Lithium, sodium, potassium

Question 27

What is a spectator ion?

Answer 27

An ion that remains unchanged in a reaction

Question 28

What is an ionic equation?

Answer 28

Shows the reacting ions in a chemical reaction, with spectator ions removed

Question 29

What is a half equation?

Answer 29

An equation that shows whether a substance is losing or gaining electrons

Question 30

In terms of electrons, what is oxidation?

Answer 30

Loss of electrons

Question 31

In terms of electrons, what is reduction?

Answer 31

Gain of electrons

Question 32

What is a redox reaction?

Answer 32

One in which one species is reduced whilst another is oxidised

Question 33

When an acid reacts with a metal, which species is oxidised?

Answer 33

The metal

Question 34

When an acid reacts with a metal, which species is reduced?

Answer 34

Hydrogen

Question 35

Name three metals found naturally as pure elements

Answer 35

Silver, gold, platinum

Question 36

What is an ore?

Answer 36

Rock (metal compound) containing enough metal to make it economically worthwhile extracting

Question 37

Name a non-metal element that can be used to extract metals from their ores

Answer 37

Carbon

Question 38

In terms of oxygen, what is reduction?

Answer 38

Removal of oxygen

Question 39

What chemical reaction is used to extract metals from their ores?

Answer 39

Reduction

Question 40

Where does carbon fit in the reactivity series?

Answer 40

Between aluminium and zinc

Question 41

Where does hydrogen fit in the reactivity series?

Answer 41

Between lead and copper

Question 42

Metals below carbon in the reactivity series are extracted from their ore by

Answer 42

Reduction reaction with carbon

Question 43

Metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series are extracted from their ore by

Answer 43

Electrolysis