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Year 10 science. > Year 10 science. > Flashcards

Year 10 science. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is DNA found in the body.

A

DNA is found in all the cells in the nucleus.

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2
Q

Nucleotide are made up of?

A

Phosphate, Pentose sugar and Nitrogenous base.

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3
Q

What are the building blocks of DNA?

A

Nucleotides.

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4
Q

What is complementary base pairing.

A

The nitrogeous bases are joined by complementary base pairing. Where each base will only bond with one other specific base.

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5
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases.

A

Adenine, Thymine, cytosine and Guanine.

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6
Q

What shape is DNA?

A

A double helix.

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7
Q

What components make up the back bone.

A

Phosphate group and sugar are the back bone.

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8
Q

Whats a gene?

A

Sections of a chromosone the code for a specific protein.

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9
Q

Why are the proteins important.

A

They give us our traits.

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10
Q

Where is the DNA found.

A

In the nucleus. The necleus controls cell activities.

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11
Q

How is this information organised.(Genes)

A

It’s organissed into units called genes. Genes are in Chromosomes.

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12
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have and how many total.

A

23 pairs and 46 in total.

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13
Q

What does diploid mean?

A

A pair set of chromosomes in somatic cells.

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14
Q

What is a somatic cell?

A

Cells in the body except sex cells. EG: eyes.

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15
Q

What are gametes?

A

Reproduction or sex cells.

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16
Q

What does haploid mean.

A

The possession of copy of each chromosomes per cell.

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17
Q

What is autosone and Whats a sex chromosome.

A

Autosome= Any chromosome not involved in sex determination.
Sex chromosomes= The chromosomes the determine as individuals sex.

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18
Q

What is a Karyotype.

A

A karyotupe is a visualisation of a individuals chromosomes.

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19
Q

What is a karyotypes use.

A

It’s used to look for a abnormal structure of chromosomes.

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20
Q

What does homologous mean?

A

homologous chromosomes are the same size, shape and carry the same genes.

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21
Q

What is down syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21. 3 of 21

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22
Q

What is turner syndrome?

A

Monosmy X and you only have one X.

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23
Q

Whats Klinefelters?

A

A male with extra X. xxy

24
Q

whats Alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene.

25
Q

What are dominant Alleles?

A

Alleles will always be expressed when they are present.

26
Q

What are recessive Alleles?

A

Expressed Alleles only when there are two of them.

27
Q

Whats a genotype?

A

Alleles that a person has.

28
Q

Whats a phenotype?

A

A trait that you can see.

29
Q

What is homologus?

A

The same Alleles.

30
Q

What’s a Heterozygous?

A

Two different Alleles.

31
Q

What’s a pedigree?

A

A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generation.

32
Q

What’s the symbols?

A

female = circle
Male = square
Affected = coloured in
Dead = square with a line in it.

33
Q

How do you denote Generations?

A

Roman numerals

34
Q

How to find x-linked disease?

A

If most of the male in the pedigree are effected the disorder is X-linked.

35
Q

How to find autosomal disease?

A

If it’s a rough 50/50 ratio between men and women then its autosomal.

36
Q

How to determine Whether the disorder is dominant?

A

If the disorder is dominant one of the parents must have to disorder.

37
Q

What age order is it in?

A

Oldest to youngest.

38
Q

What are proteins?

A

They are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism. Eg plants and bacteria.

39
Q

What do genetic traits rely on?

A

Proteins

40
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins.

A

Amino acids.

41
Q

How are proteins unique?

A

Each protein has a specific function and a specific shape to enable it to preform.

42
Q

How does DNA code for amino acids?

A

Each 3 bases of DNA codes for a specific Amino acid.

43
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

44
Q

Where are proteins created?

A

In the ribosomes.

45
Q

Why do we need to convert DNA?

A

Because it’s to large to leave the nucleus.

46
Q

What’s DNA converted to?

A

Messenger MRA

47
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

RiboseNucleic acid

48
Q

What’s the process called to get DNA to MRA.

A

Transcription.

49
Q

What’s the enzyme involved in transcription.

A

RNA polymerase.

50
Q

What’s translation?

A

The process by which MRNA is ready to produce a strand of protein.

51
Q

What does TRNA stand for?

A

Transfer RNA

52
Q

What is the role of Transfer RNA

A

To carry specific, individual amino acids.

53
Q

Where does translation happen?

A

In the ribosome.

54
Q

What’s a Codon?

A

3 bases pairs of RNA

55
Q

What’s an anti-codon?

A

3 bases that are corresponding to the Codon.

Year 10 science. (2 decks)

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