Year 10 science.

Question 1

Where is DNA found in the body.

Answer 1

DNA is found in all the cells in the nucleus.

Question 2

Nucleotide are made up of?

Answer 2

Phosphate, Pentose sugar and Nitrogenous base.

Question 3

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 3

Nucleotides.

Question 4

What is complementary base pairing.

Answer 4

The nitrogeous bases are joined by complementary base pairing. Where each base will only bond with one other specific base.

Question 5

What are the four nitrogenous bases.

Answer 5

Adenine, Thymine, cytosine and Guanine.

Question 6

What shape is DNA?

Answer 6

A double helix.

Question 7

What components make up the back bone.

Answer 7

Phosphate group and sugar are the back bone.

Question 8

Whats a gene?

Answer 8

Sections of a chromosone the code for a specific protein.

Question 9

Why are the proteins important.

Answer 9

They give us our traits.

Question 10

Where is the DNA found.

Answer 10

In the nucleus. The necleus controls cell activities.

Question 11

How is this information organised.(Genes)

Answer 11

It’s organissed into units called genes. Genes are in Chromosomes.

Question 12

How many pairs of chromosomes do we have and how many total.

Answer 12

23 pairs and 46 in total.

Question 13

What does diploid mean?

Answer 13

A pair set of chromosomes in somatic cells.

Question 14

What is a somatic cell?

Answer 14

Cells in the body except sex cells. EG: eyes.

Question 15

What are gametes?

Answer 15

Reproduction or sex cells.

Question 16

What does haploid mean.

Answer 16

The possession of copy of each chromosomes per cell.

Question 17

What is autosone and Whats a sex chromosome.

Answer 17

Autosome= Any chromosome not involved in sex determination.
Sex chromosomes= The chromosomes the determine as individuals sex.

Question 18

What is a Karyotype.

Answer 18

A karyotupe is a visualisation of a individuals chromosomes.

Question 19

What is a karyotypes use.

Answer 19

It’s used to look for a abnormal structure of chromosomes.

Question 20

What does homologous mean?

Answer 20

homologous chromosomes are the same size, shape and carry the same genes.

Question 21

What is down syndrome?

Answer 21

Trisomy 21. 3 of 21

Question 22

What is turner syndrome?

Answer 22

Monosmy X and you only have one X.

Question 23

Whats Klinefelters?

Answer 23

A male with extra X. xxy

Question 24

whats Alleles?

Answer 24

Different forms of a gene.

Question 25

What are dominant Alleles?

Answer 25

Alleles will always be expressed when they are present.

Question 26

What are recessive Alleles?

Answer 26

Expressed Alleles only when there are two of them.

Question 27

Whats a genotype?

Answer 27

Alleles that a person has.

Question 28

Whats a phenotype?

Answer 28

A trait that you can see.

Question 29

What is homologus?

Answer 29

The same Alleles.

Question 30

What's a Heterozygous?

Answer 30

Two different Alleles.

Question 31

What's a pedigree?

Answer 31

A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generation.

Question 32

What's the symbols?

Answer 32

female = circle Male = square Affected = coloured in Dead = square with a line in it.

Question 33

How do you denote Generations?

Answer 33

Roman numerals

Question 34

How to find x-linked disease?

Answer 34

If most of the male in the pedigree are effected the disorder is X-linked.

Question 35

How to find autosomal disease?

Answer 35

If it's a rough 50/50 ratio between men and women then its autosomal.

Question 36

How to determine Whether the disorder is dominant?

Answer 36

If the disorder is dominant one of the parents must have to disorder.

Question 37

What age order is it in?

Answer 37

Oldest to youngest.

Question 38

What are proteins?

Answer 38

They are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism. Eg plants and bacteria.

Question 39

What do genetic traits rely on?

Answer 39

Proteins

Question 40

What are the building blocks of proteins.

Answer 40

Amino acids.

Question 41

How are proteins unique?

Answer 41

Each protein has a specific function and a specific shape to enable it to preform.

Question 42

How does DNA code for amino acids?

Answer 42

Each 3 bases of DNA codes for a specific Amino acid.

Question 43

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 43

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 44

Where are proteins created?

Answer 44

In the ribosomes.

Question 45

Why do we need to convert DNA?

Answer 45

Because it's to large to leave the nucleus.

Question 46

What's DNA converted to?

Answer 46

Messenger MRA

Question 47

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 47

RiboseNucleic acid

Question 48

What's the process called to get DNA to MRA.

Answer 48

Transcription.

Question 49

What's the enzyme involved in transcription.

Answer 49

RNA polymerase.

Question 50

What's translation?

Answer 50

The process by which MRNA is ready to produce a strand of protein.

Question 51

What does TRNA stand for?

Answer 51

Transfer RNA

Question 52

What is the role of Transfer RNA

Answer 52

To carry specific, individual amino acids.

Question 53

Where does translation happen?

Answer 53

In the ribosome.

Question 54

What's a Codon?

Answer 54

3 bases pairs of RNA

Question 55

What's an anti-codon?

Answer 55

3 bases that are corresponding to the Codon.